Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Housley
Request for Comments: 9310 Vigil Security
Category: Standards Track S. Turner
ISSN: 2070-1721 sn3rd
J. Preuß Mattsson
D. Migault
Ericsson
January 2023
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X.509 Certificate Extension for 5G Network Function Types
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Abstract
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This document specifies the certificate extension for including Network Function Types (NFTypes) for the 5G System in X.509 v3 public key certificates as profiled in RFC 5280.
Status of This Memo
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This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9310.
Copyright Notice
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Copyright © 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
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1. Introduction 2. Terminology 3. Network Function Types Certificate Extension 4. ASN.1 Module 5. Security Considerations 6. Privacy Considerations 7. IANA Considerations 8. References 8.1. Normative References 8.2. Informative References Appendix A. NFType Strings Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Extension Acknowledgements Authors' Addresses
1. Introduction
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The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified several Network Functions (NFs) as part of the service-based architecture within the 5G System. There are 56 NF Types defined for 3GPP Release 17; they are listed in Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510], and each NF type is identified by a short ASCII string.
Operators of 5G Systems make use of an internal PKI to identify interface instances in the NFs in a 5G System. X.509 v3 public key certificates [RFC5280] are used, and the primary function of a certificate is to bind a public key to the identity of an entity that holds the corresponding private key, known as the certificate subject. The certificate subject and the SubjectAltName certificate extension can be used to support identity-based access control decisions.
This document specifies the NFTypes certificate extension to support role-based access control decisions by providing a list of NF Types associated with the certificate subject. The NFTypes certificate extension can be used by operators of 5G Systems or later.
2. Terminology
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
3. Network Function Types Certificate Extension
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This section specifies the NFTypes certificate extension, which provides a list of NF Types associated with the certificate subject.
The NFTypes certificate extension MAY be included in public key certificates [RFC5280]. The NFTypes certificate extension MUST be identified by the following object identifier:
id-pe-nftype OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 }This extension MUST NOT be marked critical.
The NFTypes extension MUST have the following syntax:
NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32))The NFTypes MUST contain at least one NFType.
Each NFType MUST contain only an ASCII string; however, the string MUST NOT include control characters (values 0 through 31), the space character (value 32), or the delete character (value 127).
Each NFType MUST contain at least one ASCII character and MUST NOT contain more than 32 ASCII characters.
The NFTypes MUST NOT contain the same NFType more than once.
If the NFTypes contain more than one NFType, the NFTypes MUST appear in ascending lexicographic order using the ASCII values.
The NFType uses the IA5String type to permit inclusion of the underscore character ('_'), which is not part of the PrintableString character set.
4. ASN.1 Module
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This section provides an ASN.1 Module [X.680] for the NFTypes certificate extension, and it follows the conventions established in [RFC5912] and [RFC6268].
<CODE BEGINS>
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NFTypeCertExtn
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-nftype(106) } DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN-
IMPORTS
EXTENSION FROM PKIX-CommonTypes-2009 -- RFC 5912 { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-pkixCommon-02(57) } ;-
-- NFTypes Certificate Extension
ext-NFType EXTENSION ::= { SYNTAX NFTypes IDENTIFIED BY id-pe-nftype } -- NFTypes Certificate Extension OID id-pe-nftype OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 } -- NFTypes Certificate Extension Syntax NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32)) END <CODE ENDS>
5. Security Considerations
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The security considerations of [RFC5280] are applicable to this document.
Some of the ASCII strings that specify the NF Types are standard. See Appendix A for values defined in 3GPP Release 17. Additionally, an operator MAY assign its own NF Types for use in their own network. Since the NF Type is used for role-based access control decisions, an operator-assigned NF Type MUST NOT overlap with a value already defined in the commonly defined set. Use of the same ASCII string by two different operators for different roles could lead to confusion or incorrect access control decisions. The mechanism for an operator to determine whether an ASCII string associated with a NF Type is unique across operators is outside the scope of this document.
The certificate extension supports many different forms of role-based access control to support the diversity of activities that NFs are trusted to perform in the overall system. Different levels of confidence that the NFTypes were properly assigned might be needed to contribute to the overall security of the 5G System. For example, more confidence might be needed to make access control decisions related to a scarce resource than implementation of filtering policies. As a result, different operators might have different trust models for the NFTypes certificate extension.
6. Privacy Considerations
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In some security protocols, such as TLS 1.2 [RFC5246], certificates are exchanged in the clear. In other security protocols, such as TLS 1.3 [RFC8446], the certificates are encrypted. The inclusion of the NFTypes certificate extension can help an observer determine which systems are of most interest based on the plaintext certificate transmission.
7. IANA Considerations
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For the NFTypes certificate extension defined in Section 3, IANA has assigned an object identifier (OID) for the certificate extension. The OID for the certificate extension has been allocated in the "SMI Security for PKIX Certificate Extension" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1).
For the ASN.1 Module defined in Section 4, IANA has assigned an OID for the module identifier. The OID for the module has been allocated in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifier" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0).
8. References
8.1. Normative References
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. [TS29.510] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Network Function Repository Services; Stage 3 (Release 17)", 3GPP TS:29.510 V17.8.0, December 2022, <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ archive/29_series/29.510/29510-h80.zip>. [TS33.310] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Network Domain Security (NDS); Authentication Framework (AF) (Release 17)", 3GPP TS:33.310 V17.5.0, December 2022, <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ archive/33_series/33.310/33310-h50.zip>. [X.680] ITU-T, "Information technology -- Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021, <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680>.
8.2. Informative References
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[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>. [RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912, DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5912>. [RFC6268] Schaad, J. and S. Turner, "Additional New ASN.1 Modules for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 6268, DOI 10.17487/RFC6268, July 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6268>. [RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>. [TS29.571] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System; Common Data Types for Service Based Interfaces; Stage 3 (Release 17)", 3GPP TS:29.571 V17.8.0, December 2022, <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ archive/29_series/29.571/29571-h80.zip>.
Appendix A. NFType Strings
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Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510] defines the ASCII strings for the NF Types specified in 3GPP documents; these enumeration values in 3GPP Release 17 are listed below in ascending lexicographic order. This list is not exhaustive.
"5G_DDNMF" "LMF" "PKMF" "5G_EIR" "MBSF" "SCEF" "AANF" "MBSTF" "SCP" "ADRF" "MB_SMF" "SCSAS" "AF" "MB_UPF" "SCSCF" "AMF" "MFAF" "SEPP" "AUSF" "MME" "SMF" "BSF" "MNPF" "SMSF" "CBCF" "N3IWF" "SMS_GMSC" "CEF" "NEF" "SMS_IWMSC" "CHF" "NRF" "SOR_AF" "DCCF" "NSACF" "SPAF" "DRA" "NSSAAF" "TSCTSF" "EASDF" "NSSF" "UCMF" "GBA_BSF" "NSWOF" "UDM" "GMLC" "NWDAF" "UDR" "HSS" "PANF" "UDSF" "ICSCF" "PCF" "UPF" "IMS_AS" "PCSCF"
Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Extension
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The example certificate conforms to the certificate profile in Table 6.1.3c.3-1 of [TS33.310]. In addition, the NFTypes certificate is included with only one NFType, and it is "AMF". The SubjectAltName certificate extension contains a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) and a uniformResourceIdentifier, which carries the NF Instance ID as specified in Clause 5.3.2 of [TS29.571].
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIC0DCCAlagAwIBAgIUDD5o44zEdfSghT2hMK+P/EjGHlowCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMw FTETMBEGA1UECgwKRXhhbXBsZSBDQTAeFw0yMjExMjkxODE0NThaFw0yMzExMjkx ODE0NThaMDkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSowKAYDVQQKEyE1Z2MubW5jNDAwLm1jYzMx MS4zZ3BwbmV0d29yay5vcmcwdjAQBgcqhkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAATJ6IFHI683 q/JJjsJUfEiRFqGQ6uKDGJ0oqDP6wEhRAuvyEyz5pgRmz/7Mze1+s1qcnPU9mo1v rIW9rjKhb/Hm8H9TPvnMQwCRCtKvCD90MkWvc/G8qyCBpCms3zNOJOijggFBMIIB PTATBggrBgEFBQcBIgQHMAUWA0FNRjAXBgNVHSAEEDAOMAwGCmCGSAFlAwIBMDAw DgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgeAMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMCMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRM Z5KgwYlYn885mKID55ZcEznIBzAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSIf6IE6QtqjXR2+p/xCtRh 4PqzNTAxBgNVHR8EKjAoMCagJKAihiBodHRwOi8vZXhhbXBsZS5jb20vZXhhbXBs ZWNhLmNybDB1BgNVHREBAf8EazBpgjhhbWYxLmNsdXN0ZXIxLm5ldDIuYW1mLjVn Yy5tbmM0MDAubWNjMzExLjNncHBuZXR3b3JrLm9yZ4YtdXJuOnV1aWQ6ZjgxZDRm YWUtN2RlYy0xMWQwLWE3NjUtMDBhMGM5MWU2YmY2MAoGCCqGSM49BAMDA2gAMGUC MEtQEut9kelkiMIMR+QzkSNGIuR30Lr23ftarLi9wMp3ZRIJYQgaAWc6gmf3MVAp 7QIxAKMoYAtw5srkNjE+Zg6CqEkf9f2banFltRuPbTp4B0Xraz5z/jn3NDPM9ata SHUxOQ== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
The following shows the example certificate. The values on the left are the ASN.1 tag (in hexadecimal) and the length (in decimal).
30 720: SEQUENCE { 30 598: SEQUENCE { A0 3: [0] { 02 1: INTEGER 2 : } 02 20: INTEGER : 0C 3E 68 E3 8C C4 75 F4 A0 85 3D A1 30 AF 8F FC : 48 C6 1E 5A 30 10: SEQUENCE { 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER ecdsaWithSHA384 (1 2 840 10045 4 3 3) : } 30 21: SEQUENCE { 31 19: SET { 30 17: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10) 0C 10: UTF8String 'Example CA' : } : } : } 30 30: SEQUENCE { 17 13: UTCTime 29/11/2022 18:14:58 GMT 17 13: UTCTime 29/11/2023 18:14:58 GMT : } 30 57: SEQUENCE { 31 11: SET { 30 9: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6) 13 2: PrintableString 'US' : } : } 31 42: SET { 30 40: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10) 13 33: PrintableString '5gc.mnc400.mcc311.3gppnetwork.org' : } : } : } 30 118: SEQUENCE { 30 16: SEQUENCE { 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER ecPublicKey (1 2 840 10045 2 1) 06 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER secp384r1 (1 3 132 0 34) : } 03 98: BIT STRING : 04 C9 E8 81 47 23 AF 37 AB F2 49 8E C2 54 7C 48 : 91 16 A1 90 EA E2 83 18 9D 28 A8 33 FA C0 48 51 : 02 EB F2 13 2C F9 A6 04 66 CF FE CC CD ED 7E B3 : 5A 9C 9C F5 3D 9A 8D 6F AC 85 BD AE 32 A1 6F F1 : E6 F0 7F 53 3E F9 CC 43 00 91 0A D2 AF 08 3F 74 : 32 45 AF 73 F1 BC AB 20 81 A4 29 AC DF 33 4E 24 : E8 : } A3 321: [3] { 30 317: SEQUENCE { 30 19: SEQUENCE { 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER nfTypes (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 1 34) 04 7: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 5: SEQUENCE { 16 3: IA5String 'AMF' : } : } : } 30 23: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER certificatePolicies (2 5 29 32) 04 16: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 14: SEQUENCE { 30 12: SEQUENCE { 06 10: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 2 1 48 48' : } : } : } : } 30 14: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER keyUsage (2 5 29 15) 01 1: BOOLEAN TRUE 04 4: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 03 2: BIT STRING 7 unused bits : '1'B (bit 0) : } : } 30 19: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER extKeyUsage (2 5 29 37) 04 12: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 10: SEQUENCE { 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER clientAuth (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 3 2) : } : } : } 30 29: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER subjectKeyIdentifier (2 5 29 14) 04 22: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 04 20: OCTET STRING : 4C 67 92 A0 C1 89 58 9F CF 39 98 A2 03 E7 96 5C : 13 39 C8 07 : } : } 30 31: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER authorityKeyIdentifier (2 5 29 35) 04 24: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 22: SEQUENCE { 80 20: [0] : 88 7F A2 04 E9 0B 6A 8D 74 76 FA 9F F1 0A D4 61 : E0 FA B3 35 : } : } : } 30 49: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER cRLDistributionPoints (2 5 29 31) 04 42: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 40: SEQUENCE { 30 38: SEQUENCE { A0 36: [0] { A0 34: [0] { 86 32: [6] 'http://example.com/exampleca.crl' : } : } : } : } : } : } 30 117: SEQUENCE { 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER subjectAltName (2 5 29 17) 01 1: BOOLEAN TRUE 04 107: OCTET STRING, encapsulates { 30 105: SEQUENCE { 82 56: [2] : 'amf1.cluster1.net2.amf.5gc.mnc400.mcc311.3gppnet' : 'work.org' 86 45: [6] : 'urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6' : } : } : } : } : } : } 30 10: SEQUENCE { 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER ecdsaWithSHA384 (1 2 840 10045 4 3 3) : } 03 104: BIT STRING, encapsulates { 30 101: SEQUENCE { 02 48: INTEGER : 4B 50 12 EB 7D 91 E9 64 88 C2 0C 47 E4 33 91 23 : 46 22 E4 77 D0 BA F6 DD FB 5A AC B8 BD C0 CA 77 : 65 12 09 61 08 1A 01 67 3A 82 67 F7 31 50 29 ED 02 49: INTEGER : 00 A3 28 60 0B 70 E6 CA E4 36 31 3E 66 0E 82 A8 : 49 1F F5 FD 9B 6A 71 65 B5 1B 8F 6D 3A 78 07 45 : EB 6B 3E 73 FE 39 F7 34 33 CC F5 AB 5A 48 75 31 : 39 : } : } : }
Acknowledgements
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Many thanks to Ben Smeets, Michael Li, Tim Hollebeek, Roman Danyliw, Bernie Volz, and Éric Vyncke for their review, comments, and assistance.
Authors' Addresses
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Russ Housley
Vigil Security, LLC
Herndon, VA
United States of America
Email: housley@vigilsec.comSean Turner
sn3rd
Washington, DC
United States of America
Email: sean@sn3rd.comJohn Preuß Mattsson Ericsson Kista Sweden Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com Daniel Migault Ericsson Saint Laurent, QC Canada Email: daniel.migault@ericsson.com