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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                           T. Graf
Request for Comments: 9487                                      Swisscom
Category: Standards Track                                      B. Claise
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                   Huawei
                                                             P. Francois
                                                               INSA-Lyon
                                                           November 2023

Export of Segment Routing over IPv6 Information in IP Flow Information

Export (IPFIX)

Abstract

This document introduces new IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Information Elements (IEs) to identify a set of information related to Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) such as data contained in a Segment Routing Header (SRH), the SRv6 control plane, and the SRv6 Endpoint behavior that traffic is being forwarded with.

Status of This Memo

This is an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9487.

Copyright Notice

Copyright © 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
   2.  Terminology
   3.  New IPFIX IPv6 SRH Information Elements
   4.  Sample Use Cases
   5.  IANA Considerations
     5.1.  IPFIX Information Elements Registry
       5.1.1.  srhFlagsIPv6
       5.1.2.  srhTagIPv6
       5.1.3.  srhSegmentIPv6
       5.1.4.  srhActiveSegmentIPv6
       5.1.5.  srhSegmentIPv6BasicList
       5.1.6.  srhSegmentIPv6ListSection
       5.1.7.  srhSegmentsIPv6Left
       5.1.8.  srhIPv6Section
       5.1.9.  srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType
       5.1.10. srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength
       5.1.11. srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior
     5.2.  New IPFIX IPv6 SRH Segment Type (Value 500) Subregistry
   6.  Operational Considerations
     6.1.  SRv6 Segment List
     6.2.  Compressed SRv6 Segment List Decomposition
   7.  Security Considerations
   8.  References
     8.1.  Normative References
     8.2.  Informative References
   Appendix A.  IPFIX Encoding Examples
     A.1.  Three Observed SRH Headers and Their Routing Protocols
       A.1.1.  Template Record and Data Set with Segment Basic List
       A.1.2.  Template Record and Data Set with Segment List Section
       A.1.3.  Template Record and Data Set with SRH Section
     A.2.  Options Template Record and Data Set for SRv6 Segment
           Endpoint Behavior and Locator Length
   Acknowledgements
   Authors' Addresses

1. Introduction

A dedicated Routing Extension Header, called "Segment Routing Header (SRH)", is defined in [RFC8754] for use of Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) data plane. 

   Also, three routing protocol extensions, OSPFv3 [OSPFV3-SRV6-EXT],
   IS-IS [RFC9352], and BGP Prefix Segment Identifiers (Prefix-SIDs)
   [RFC8669]; the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
   Extension [PCEP-SRV6-EXT]; and the Segment Routing Policy [RFC9256]
   are defined to propagate Segment Identifiers (SIDs).

SRv6 Segment Endpoint behaviors describe how packets should be processed by SRv6 Segment Endpoint Nodes. Such behaviors are defined in [RFC8986].

This document specifies eleven new IPFIX Information Elements (IEs) and one new subregistry within the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry [RFC7012], for SRv6 purposes.

These IEs are used to export the SRv6 active segment and its control plane protocol, the SRv6 Segment List, the next SRv6 node and its type, and the numbers of SRv6 segments left.

Some examples are provided in Appendix A.

2. Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 

   This document makes use of the terms defined in [RFC7011], [RFC8402],
   and [RFC8754].

The following terms are used as defined in [RFC7011]:

  • IPFIX
  • IPFIX Information Elements
  • Template
  • Template Record
  • Options Template
  • Options Template Record
  • Data Record
  • Data Set

The following terms are used as defined in [RFC8402]:

  • Segment Routing (SR)
  • Segment
  • Segment List
  • Active Segment
  • Segment Identifier (SID)
  • SRv6
  • SRv6 SID

The following terms are used as defined in [RFC8754]: 

   *  Segment Routing Header (SRH)
  • SR Source Node
  • Transit Node
  • SR Segment Endpoint Node
  • Reduced SRH
  • Segments Left
  • Last Entry

3. New IPFIX IPv6 SRH Information Elements

This section specifies the new IPFIX IPv6 SRH IEs.

srhFlagsIPv6

The 8-bit Flags field defined in the SRH (Section 2 of [RFC8754]).

srhTagIPv6

The 16-bit Tag field defined in the SRH (Section 2 of [RFC8754]). A tag is used to mark a packet as part of a class or group of packets sharing the same set of properties.

srhSegmentIPv6

The 128-bit IPv6 address that represents an SRv6 segment.

srhActiveSegmentIPv6

The 128-bit IPv6 address that represents the active SRv6 segment.

srhSegmentIPv6BasicList

The ordered basicList [RFC6313] of zero or more 128-bit IPv6 addresses in the SRH that represents the SRv6 Segment List. As specified in Section 2 of [RFC8754], the Segment List is encoded starting from the last segment of the SR Policy. That is, the first element of the Segment List (Segment List[0]) contains the last segment of the SR Policy, the second element contains the penultimate segment of the SR Policy, and so on.

srhSegmentIPv6ListSection

The SRH Segment List as defined in Section 2 of [RFC8754] as a series of octets in IPFIX.

srhSegmentsIPv6Left

The 8-bit unsigned integer that defines the number of segments remaining to reach the end of the Segment List from the SRH, as specified by the "Segments Left" field in Section 4.4 of [RFC8200] and as mentioned in the SRH part of Section 2 of [RFC8754].

srhIPv6Section

The SRH and its TLVs as specified in Section 2 of [RFC8754] as a series of octets in IPFIX.

srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType

The designator of the routing protocol or PCEP extension where the active SRv6 segment has been learned from.

srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength

The length of the SRH segment IPv6 locator specified as the number of significant bits. Together with srhSegmentIPv6, it enables the calculation of the SRv6 Locator.

srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior

The 16-bit unsigned integer that represents an SRv6 Endpoint behavior as per Section 4 of [RFC8986].

Note that the srhSegmentIPv6, srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength, and srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior IPFIX IEs are generic fields to be used in the context of IPFIX Options Templates or IPFIX Structured Data [RFC6313].

4. Sample Use Cases

   The IPFIX IEs srhSegmentIPv6BasicList (496) or alternatively
   srhSegmentIPv6ListSection (497), srhActiveSegmentIPv6 (495),
   srhSegmentsIPv6Left (498), srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType (500), and
   forwardingStatus (89) [RFC7270] [IANA-IPFIX] as well as some existing
   counter information [IANA-IPFIX] provide answers to the following
   questions (amongst others):
  • How many packets steered with an SR policy are forwarded or dropped using SRv6 in a network?
  • If dropped, for which reasons?
  • What is the current active segment and its associated control plane protocol?
  • What is the SRv6 Segment List?
  • What is the next SRv6 node and its type?
  • How many SRv6 segments are left?

5. IANA Considerations

5.1. IPFIX Information Elements Registry

IANA has added the following new IEs to the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry [RFC7012] at [IANA-IPFIX]: 

              +===========+================================+
              | ElementID | Name                           |
              +===========+================================+
              | 492       | srhFlagsIPv6                   |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 493       | srhTagIPv6                     |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 494       | srhSegmentIPv6                 |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 495       | srhActiveSegmentIPv6           |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 496       | srhSegmentIPv6BasicList        |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 497       | srhSegmentIPv6ListSection      |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 498       | srhSegmentsIPv6Left            |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 499       | srhIPv6Section                 |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 500       | srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType       |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 501       | srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength    |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+
              | 502       | srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior |
              +-----------+--------------------------------+

Table 1: IPFIX Information Elements Registry

5.1.1. srhFlagsIPv6

   ElementID:  492
   Name:  srhFlagsIPv6
   Abstract Data Type:  unsigned8
   Data Type Semantics:  flags
   Description:  The 8-bit Flags field defined in the SRH (Section 2 of
      [RFC8754]).  Assigned flags and their meanings are provided in the
      "Segment Routing Header Flags" IANA registry.
   Additional Information:  See the assignments in the "Segment Routing
      Header Flags" registry at <https://www.iana.org/assignments/
      ipv6-parameters>.  See also [RFC8754] for the SRH specification.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.2. srhTagIPv6

   ElementID:  493
   Name:  srhTagIPv6
   Abstract Data Type:  unsigned16
   Data Type Semantics:  identifier
   Description:  The 16-bit Tag field defined in the SRH (Section 2 of
      [RFC8754]).  A tag is used to mark a packet as part of a class or
      group of packets sharing the same set of properties.
   Additional Information:  See Section 2 of [RFC8754] for more details
      about the Tag.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.3. srhSegmentIPv6

   ElementID:  494
   Name:  srhSegmentIPv6
   Abstract Data Type:  ipv6Address
   Data Type Semantics:  default
   Description:  The 128-bit IPv6 address that represents an SRv6
      segment.
   Additional Information:  Specified in Section 1 of [RFC8402] and
      mentioned in "Segment List" in Section 2 of [RFC8754].
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.4. srhActiveSegmentIPv6

   ElementID:  495
   Name:  srhActiveSegmentIPv6
   Abstract Data Type:  ipv6Address
   Data Type Semantics:  default
   Description:  The 128-bit IPv6 address that represents the active
      SRv6 segment.
   Additional Information:  See Section 2 of [RFC8402] for the
      definition of "active segment".
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.5. srhSegmentIPv6BasicList

   ElementID:  496
   Name:  srhSegmentIPv6BasicList
   Abstract Data Type:  basicList
   Data Type Semantics:  list
   Description:  The ordered basicList [RFC6313] of zero or more 128-bit
      IPv6 addresses in the SRH that represents the SRv6 Segment List.
      As specified in Section 2 of [RFC8754], the Segment List is
      encoded starting from the last segment of the SR Policy.  That is,
      the first element of the Segment List (Segment List[0]) contains
      the last segment of the SR Policy, the second element contains the
      penultimate segment of the SR Policy, and so on.
   Additional Information:  See Section 2 of [RFC8754] for more details
      about the SRv6 Segment List.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.6. srhSegmentIPv6ListSection

   ElementID:  497
   Name:  srhSegmentIPv6ListSection
   Abstract Data Type:  octetArray
   Data Type Semantics:  default
   Description:  The SRv6 Segment List as defined in Section 2 of
      [RFC8754] as a series of octets in IPFIX.
   Additional Information:  See Section 2 of [RFC8754] for more details
      about the SRv6 Segment List.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.7. srhSegmentsIPv6Left

   ElementID:  498
   Name:  srhSegmentsIPv6Left
   Abstract Data Type:  unsigned8
   Data Type Semantics:  quantity
   Description:  The 8-bit unsigned integer defining the number of
      segments remaining to reach the end of the Segment List from the
      SRH.
   Additional Information:  Specified by the "Segments Left" field in
      Section 4.4 of [RFC8200] and mentioned in Section 2 of [RFC8754].
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.8. srhIPv6Section

   ElementID:  499
   Name:  srhIPv6Section
   Abstract Data Type:  octetArray
   Data Type Semantics:  default
   Description:  The SRH and its TLVs as defined in Section 2 of
      [RFC8754] as a series of octets in IPFIX.
   Additional Information:  See Section 2 of [RFC8754] for more details
      about the structure of an SRH.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.9. srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType

   ElementID:  500
   Name:  srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType
   Abstract Data Type:  unsigned8
   Data Type Semantics:  identifier
   Description:  The designator of the routing protocol or PCEP
      extension where the active SRv6 segment has been learned from.
      Values for this Information Element are listed in the "IPFIX IPv6
      SRH Segment Type (Value 500)" subregistry.
   Additional Information:  See the assigned types in the "IPFIX IPv6
      SRH Segment (Value 500)" registry at
      <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix>.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.10. srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength

   ElementID:  501
   Name:  srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength
   Data Type Semantics:  default
   Description:  The length of the SRH segment IPv6 locator specified as
      the number of significant bits.  Together with srhSegmentIPv6, it
      enables the calculation of the SRv6 Locator.
   Additional Information:  See Section 3.1 of [RFC8986] for more
      details about the SID format.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.1.11. srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior

   ElementID:  502
   Name:  srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior
   Abstract Data Type:  unsigned16
   Data Type Semantics:  identifier
   Description:  The 16-bit unsigned integer that represents an SRv6
      Endpoint behavior as per Section 4 of [RFC8986].  Assigned values
      and their meanings are provided in the "SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors"
      registry.
   Additional Information:  See the assigned behaviors in the "SRv6
      Endpoint Behaviors" registry at <https://www.iana.org/assignments/
      segment-routing>.  See Section 4 of [RFC8986] for more details
      about the processing of endpoint behaviors.
   Reference:  RFC 9487

5.2. New IPFIX IPv6 SRH Segment Type (Value 500) Subregistry

IANA has created a new subregistry called "IPFIX IPv6 SRH Segment Type (Value 500)" under the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry [RFC7012] at [IANA-IPFIX].

The allocation policy of this new subregistry is Expert Review (Section 4.5 of [RFC8126]).

The designated experts for this registry should be familiar with SRH. The guidelines that are being followed by the designated experts for the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry should be followed for this subregistry. In particular, criteria that should be applied by the designated experts include determining whether the proposed registration duplicates existing entries and whether the registration description is clear and fits the purpose of this registry. Within the review period, the designated experts will either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this decision to IANA. Denials should include an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the request successful.

Initial values in the registry are defined in Table 2. 

    +=======+==========================+=============================+
    | Value | Description              | Reference                   |
    +=======+==========================+=============================+
    | 0     | Unknown                  | RFC 9487                    |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
    | 1     | Segment Routing Policy   | RFC 9487, [RFC9256]         |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
    | 2     | Path Computation Element | RFC 9487, [PCEP-SRV6-EXT]   |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
    | 3     | OSPFv3 Segment Routing   | RFC 9487, [OSPFV3-SRV6-EXT] |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
    | 4     | IS-IS Segment Routing    | RFC 9487, [RFC9352]         |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
    | 5     | BGP Segment Routing      | RFC 9487, [RFC8669]         |
    |       | Prefix-SID               |                             |
    +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+

Table 2: IPFIX IPv6 SRH Segment Type (Value 500) Subregistry

6. Operational Considerations

6.1. SRv6 Segment List

The zero or more 128-bit IPv6 addresses in the SRH [RFC8754] can be exported in two different ways, with two different IPFIX IEs:

  • srhSegmentIPv6BasicList
  • srhSegmentIPv6ListSection

The srhSegmentIPv6BasicList encodes the SRv6 Segment List with a basicList, specified in the IPFIX Structured Data [RFC6313]. This encoding is an advantage for data collection since the different IPv6 addresses are already structured as a list, without the need of post- processing. However, this method requires some extra processing on the exporter to realize the basicList data mapping.

The srhSegmentIPv6ListSection, on the other hand, encodes the list of IPv6 addresses as an octetArray. This doesn't impose any data flow manipulation on the exporter, facilitating the immediate export. However, the data collection MUST be able to decode the IPv6 addresses according to the SR specifications. Compared to the srhSegmentIPv6BasicList, the srhSegmentIPv6ListSection flow records length is slightly reduced.

It is not expected that an exporter would support both srhSegmentIPv6BasicList and srhSegmentIPv6ListSection at the same time.

6.2. Compressed SRv6 Segment List Decomposition

The SRv6 Segment List in the IPFIX IEs srhSegmentIPv6BasicList, srhSegmentIPv6ListSection, and destinationIPv6Address could contain compressed-SID containers as described in [SRV6-SRH-COM]. The SR Endpoint Flavors, as described in Section 4 of [SRV6-SRH-COM], define new flavors for SID Endpoint behaviors and determine wherever the Segment List encoding is compressed, along with the flavor. The SID Locator, as described in Section 3.1 of [RFC8986], determines the common most significant bits. By using described information from srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior and srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength, the compressed-SID containers can be decoded at the data collection.

7. Security Considerations

There are no additional security considerations regarding allocation of these new IPFIX IEs compared to [RFC7012].

The IEs described in this document export provider plane data metrics on how packets are being forwarded within an SRv6 network. Applications and operators using the IEs described in this document must evaluate the sensitivity of this information in their implementation context and apply the data-at-rest storage guidance in Section 11.8 of [RFC7011] as appropriate.

8. References

8.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
   
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
   
   [RFC6313]  Claise, B., Dhandapani, G., Aitken, P., and S. Yates,
              "Export of Structured Data in IP Flow Information Export
              (IPFIX)", RFC 6313, DOI 10.17487/RFC6313, July 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6313>.
   
   [RFC7011]  Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken,
              "Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
              Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77,
              RFC 7011, DOI 10.17487/RFC7011, September 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7011>.
   
   [RFC7012]  Claise, B., Ed. and B. Trammell, Ed., "Information Model
              for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)", RFC 7012,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7012, September 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7012>.
   
   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
   
   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
   
   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
   
   [RFC8754]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Dukes, D., Ed., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
              Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
              (SRH)", RFC 8754, DOI 10.17487/RFC8754, March 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8754>.

8.2. Informative References

[IANA-IPFIX] 

              IANA, "IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix>.

[OSPFV3-SRV6-EXT] 

              Li, Z., Hu, Z., Talaulikar, K., Ed., and P. Psenak,
              "OSPFv3 Extensions for SRv6", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-ietf-lsr-ospfv3-srv6-extensions-15, 21 June
              2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              lsr-ospfv3-srv6-extensions-15>.

[PCEP-SRV6-EXT] 

              Li, C., Kaladharan, P., Sivabalan, S., Koldychev, M., and
              Y. Zhu, "Path Computation Element Communication Protocol
              (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing leveraging the IPv6
              dataplane", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              pce-segment-routing-ipv6-20, 8 September 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-pce-
              segment-routing-ipv6-20>.
   
   [RFC7270]  Yourtchenko, A., Aitken, P., and B. Claise, "Cisco-
              Specific Information Elements Reused in IP Flow
              Information Export (IPFIX)", RFC 7270,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7270, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7270>.
   
   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.
   
   [RFC8669]  Previdi, S., Filsfils, C., Lindem, A., Ed., Sreekantiah,
              A., and H. Gredler, "Segment Routing Prefix Segment
              Identifier Extensions for BGP", RFC 8669,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8669, December 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8669>.
   
   [RFC8986]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Camarillo, P., Ed., Leddy, J., Voyer,
              D., Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "Segment Routing over IPv6
              (SRv6) Network Programming", RFC 8986,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8986, February 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8986>.
   
   [RFC9256]  Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Ed., Voyer, D., Bogdanov,
              A., and P. Mattes, "Segment Routing Policy Architecture",
              RFC 9256, DOI 10.17487/RFC9256, July 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9256>.
   
   [RFC9352]  Psenak, P., Ed., Filsfils, C., Bashandy, A., Decraene, B.,
              and Z. Hu, "IS-IS Extensions to Support Segment Routing
              over the IPv6 Data Plane", RFC 9352, DOI 10.17487/RFC9352,
              February 2023, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9352>.

[SRV6-SRH-COM] 

              Cheng, W., Ed., Filsfils, C., Li, Z., Decraene, B., and F.
              Clad, Ed., "Compressed SRv6 Segment List Encoding", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-spring-srv6-srh-
              compression-09, 23 October 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-
              srv6-srh-compression-09>.

Appendix A. IPFIX Encoding Examples

This appendix represents three different encodings for the newly introduced IEs, for the example values in Table 3. The three different encodings use the following IEs, respectively: srhSegmentIPv6BasicList, srhSegmentIPv6ListSection, and srhIPv6Section. 

    +========+=======+=====+==============+==========================+
    | SRH Nr | SRH   | SRH | Active       | Segment List             |
    |        | Flags | Tag | Segment Type |                          |
    +========+=======+=====+==============+==========================+
    | 1      | 0     | 123 | IS-IS [4]    | 2001:db8::1,             |
    |        |       |     |              | 2001:db8::2, 2001:db8::3 |
    +--------+-------+-----+--------------+--------------------------+
    | 2      | 0     | 456 | IS-IS [4]    | 2001:db8::4, 2001:db8::5 |
    +--------+-------+-----+--------------+--------------------------+
    | 3      | 0     | 789 | IS-IS [4]    | 2001:db8::6              |
    +--------+-------+-----+--------------+--------------------------+

Table 3: Three Observed SRH Headers and Their Associated

Routing Protocols

A.1. Three Observed SRH Headers and Their Routing Protocols

A.1.1. Template Record and Data Set with Segment Basic List

With encoding in Figure 1, the examples in Table 3 are represented with the following IEs, where "=>" is used to indicate which IE is mapped to given information:

  • SRH Flags => srhFlagsIPv6 (492)
  • SRH Tag => srhTagIPv6 (493)
  • Active Segment Type => srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType (500)
  • Segment List => srhSegmentIPv6BasicList (496)
      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          SET ID = 2           |       Length = 24             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Template ID = 256        |      Field Count = 4          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|     srhFlagsIPv6 = 492      |      Field Length = 1         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|      srhTagIPv6 = 493       |      Field Length = 2         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType= 500|      Field Length = 1         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|srhSegmentIPv6BasicList = 496|      Field Length = 0xFFFF    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 1: Template Record with Basic List Encoding Format

In this example, the Template ID is 256, which will be used in the Data Record. The field length for srhSegmentIPv6BasicList is 0xFFFF, which means the length of this IE is variable, and the actual length of this IE is indicated by the List Length field in the basicList format as per [RFC6313].

The data set is represented as follows: 

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         SET ID = 256          |           Length = 136        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | srhFlagsIPv6  |        srhTagIPv6 = 123        |srhIPv6Active |
     | = 0           |                                |SegmentType= 4|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      255      |        List Length = 53       |semantic=      |
     |               |                               |ordered        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     srhSegmentIPv6 = 494      |        Field Length = 16      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[0] = 2001:db8::1                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[1] = 2001:db8::2                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[2] = 2001:db8::3                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | srhFlagsIPv6  |        srhTagIPv6 = 456       | srhIPv6Active |
     | = 0           |                               | SegmentType= 4|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      255      |        List Length = 37       |semantic=      |
     |               |                               |ordered        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     srhSegmentIPv6 = 494      |        Field Length = 16      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[0] = 2001:db8::4                     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[1] = 2001:db8::5  (16 bytes)         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | srhFlagsIPv6  |        srhTagIPv6 = 789       | srhIPv6Active |
     | = 0           |                               | SegmentType= 4|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      255      |        List Length = 21       |semantic=      |
     |               |                               |ordered        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |     srhSegmentIPv6 = 494      |        Field Length = 16      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Segment List[0] = 2001:db8::6  ...                |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 2: Data Set Encoding Format for Basic List

A.1.2. Template Record and Data Set with Segment List Section

With encoding in Figure 3, the examples in Table 3 are represented with the following IEs, where "=>" is used to indicate which IE is mapped to given information:

  • SRH Flags => srhFlagsIPv6 (492)
  • SRH Tag => srhTagIPv6 (493)
  • Active Segment Type => srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType (500)
  • Segment List => srhSegmentIPv6ListSection (497)
      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          SET ID = 2           |       Length = 24             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Template ID = 257        |      Field Count = 4          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|     srhFlagsIPv6 = 492      |      Field Length = 1         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|      srhTagIPv6 = 493       |      Field Length = 2         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType= 500|      Field Length = 1         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|srhSegmentIPv6ListSection=497|      Field Length = 0xFFFF    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 3: Template Record with Segment List Section Encoding Format

In this example, the Template ID is 257, which will be used in the Data Record. The field length for srhSegmentIPv6ListSection in the Template Record is 0xFFFF, which means that the length of this IE is variable: its actual length is encoded in the Data Set. Note that, with an actual length inferior to 255 in the Data Record example, the length field is encoded in 8 bits (Section 7 of [RFC7011]).

The data can be represented as follows: 

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         SET ID = 257          |           Length = 116        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | srhFlagsIPv6  |        srhTagIPv6 = 123       | srhIPv6Active |
     | = 0           |                               | SegmentType= 4|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Length = 48   |   2001:db8::1                                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      ...      |   2001:db8::2                                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      ...      |   2001:db8::3                                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      ...      | srhFlagsIPv6  |        srhTagIPv6 = 456       |
     |               | = 0           |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | srhIPv6Active | Length = 32   |   2001:db8::4                 |
     | SegmentType= 4|               |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      ...                      |   2001:db8::5                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      ...                      |srhFlagsIPv6=0 | srhTagIPv6 =  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   789         | srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType = 4  | Length = 16   |
     |               |                               |               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        2001:db8::6 ...                        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 4: Data Set Encoding Format for Segment List Section

A.1.3. Template Record and Data Set with SRH Section

With encoding in Figure 5, the examples in Table 3 are represented with the following IEs, where "=>" is used to indicate which IE is mapped to given information:

  • SRH Flags + SRH Tag + Segment List => srhIPv6Section (499)
  • Active Segment Type => srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType (500)
      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |          SET ID = 2           |       Length = 16             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      Template ID = 258        |      Field Count = 2          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType= 500|      Field Length = 1         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0|    srhIPv6Section = 499     |      Field Length = 0xFFFF    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 5: Template Record with SRH Section Encoding Format

In this example, the Template ID is 258, which will be used in the Data Record. The field length for srhIPv6Section in the Template Record is 0xFFFF, which means that the length of this IE is variable: its actual length is encoded in the Data Set. Note that, with an actual length inferior to 255 in the Data Record example, the length field is encoded in 8 bits (Section 7 of [RFC7011]).

The data can be represented as follows: 

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         SET ID = 258          |           Length = (*)        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType = 4           |  Length = (*) |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Next Header   |  Hdr Ext Len  | Routing Type  | Segments Left |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Last Entry   |     Flags     |              Tag              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::1                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::2                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::3                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~          Optional Type Length Value objects (variable)        ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType = 4           |    0xFFFF     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Next Header   |  Hdr Ext Len  | Routing Type  | Segments Left |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Last Entry   |     Flags     |              Tag              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::4                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::5                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~          Optional Type Length Value objects (variable)        ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |        srhIPv6ActiveSegmentType = 4           |    0xFFFF     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Next Header   |  Hdr Ext Len  | Routing Type  | Segments Left |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |  Last Entry   |     Flags     |              Tag              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           2001:db8::6                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                              ...                              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~          Optional Type Length Value objects (variable)        ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 6: Data Set Encoding Format for SRH Section

(*) The Length must be calculated to include the optional Type Length Value objects.

A.2. Options Template Record and Data Set for SRv6 Segment Endpoint

Behavior and Locator Length

This appendix provides an SRv6 Endpoint Behavior Options Template example, for the values presented in Table 4. In the Options Template case, the srhActiveSegmentIPv6 IE is a Scope field. 

    +==========+===================+================+================+
    | Entry Nr | SRH Endpoint IPv6 | SRH Endpoint   | SRH Segment    |
    |          |                   | Behavior       | Locator Length |
    +==========+===================+================+================+
    | 1        | 2001:db8::1       | End [1]        | 48             |
    +----------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+
    | 2        | 2001:db8::4       | End with NEXT- | 48             |
    |          |                   | CSID [43]      |                |
    +----------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+
    | 3        | 2001:db8::6       | End.DX6 [16]   | 48             |
    +----------+-------------------+----------------+----------------+

Table 4: Three Observed SRv6 Segment Endpoint Behaviors

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |         Set ID = 3            |          Length = 24          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       Template ID 259         |        Field Count = 3        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     Scope Field Count = 1     |0| srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 495  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Scope 1 Field Length = 4    |0|srhSegmentIPv6End.Behav = 502|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       Field Length = 1        |0|srhSegmentIPv6Lo.Length = 501|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       Field Length = 4        |           Padding             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 7: Segment Endpoint Behavior Options Template Record

In this example, the Template ID is 259, which will be used in the Data Record.

The data set is represented as follows: 

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         SET ID = 259          |           Length = 28         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 2001:db8::1              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior |srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength= 48|
     |= End [1]                      |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 2001:db8::4              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior |srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength= 48|
     |= End with NEXT-CSID [43]      |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               srhActiveSegmentIPv6 = 2001:db8::6              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |srhSegmentIPv6EndpointBehavior |srhSegmentIPv6LocatorLength= 48|
     |= End.DX6 [16]                 |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 8: Data Set Encoding Format for Segment Endpoint Behaviors

(*) The Length must be calculated to include the optional Type Length Value objects.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Yao Liu, Eduard Vasilenko, Bruno Decraene, Mohamed Boucadair, Kamran Raza, Qin Wu, Jim Guichard, Tero Kivinen, Paul Aitken, Roman Danyliw, John Scudder, Éric Vyncke, Erik Kline, Lars Eggert, and Andrew Alston for their reviews and valuable comments. And thank you to Paolo Lucente and Alex Huang Feng for the implementation and validation.

Authors' Addresses

   Thomas Graf
   Swisscom
   Binzring 17
   CH-8045 Zurich
   Switzerland
   Email: thomas.graf@swisscom.com
   
   Benoit Claise
   Huawei
   Email: benoit.claise@huawei.com
   
   Pierre Francois
   INSA-Lyon
   Lyon
   France
   Email: pierre.francois@insa-lyon.fr