Network Working Group
Request for Comments: 2989
Category: Informational T. Hiller, P. McCann, H. Shiino, P. Walsh, Lucent
B. Aboba, Microsoft
P. Calhoun, S. Glass, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
G. Zorn, G. Dommety, Cisco Systems, Inc.
C. Perkins, B. Patil, Nokia Telecommunications
D. Mitton, S. Manning, Nortel Networks
M. Beadles, SmartPipes Inc.
X. Chen, Alcatel
S. Sivalingham, Ericsson Wireless Communications
A. Hameed, Fujitsu
M. Munson, GTE Wireless
S. Jacobs, GTE Laboratories
B. Lim, LG Information & Communications, Ltd.
B. Hirschman, Motorola
R. Hsu, Qualcomm, Inc.
H. Koo, Samsung Telecommunications America, Inc.
M. Lipford, Sprint PCS
E. Campbell, 3Com Corporation
Y. Xu, Watercove Networks
S. Baba, Toshiba America Research, Inc.
E. Jaques, Vodaphone Airtouch
November 2000

Criteria for Evaluating AAA Protocols for Network Access

Status of this Memo

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

Copyright © The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

This document represents a summary of Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) protocol requirements for network access. In creating this document, inputs were taken from documents produced by the Network Access Server Requirements Next Generation (NASREQ), Roaming Operations (ROAMOPS), and MOBILEIP working groups, as well as from TIA 45.6.

This document summarizes the requirements collected from those sources, separating requirements for authentication, authorization and accounting. Details on the requirements are available in the original documents.

1. Introduction

This document represents a summary of AAA protocol requirements for network access. In creating this documents, inputs were taken from documents produced by the NASREQ [3], ROAMOPS [2], and MOBILEIP [5] working groups, as well as from TIA 45.6 [4]. This document summarizes the requirements collected from those sources, separating requirements for authentication, authorization and accounting. Details on the requirements are available in the original documents.

1.1. Requirements language

In this document, the key words "MAY", "MUST, "MUST NOT", "optional", "recommended", "SHOULD", and "SHOULD NOT", are to be interpreted as described in [1].

Please note that the requirements specified in this document are to be used in evaluating AAA protocol submissions. As such, the requirements language refers to capabilities of these protocols; the protocol documents will specify whether these features are required, recommended, or optional. For example, requiring that a protocol support confidentiality is NOT the same thing as requiring that all protocol traffic be encrypted.

A protocol submission is not compliant if it fails to satisfy one or more of the MUST or MUST NOT requirements for the capabilities that it implements. A protocol submission that satisfies all the MUST, MUST NOT, SHOULD and SHOULD NOT requirements for its capabilities is said to be "unconditionally compliant"; one that satisfies all the MUST and MUST NOT requirements but not all the SHOULD or SHOULD NOT requirements for its protocols is said to be "conditionally compliant."

1.2. Terminology

Accounting

The act of collecting information on resource usage for the purpose of trend analysis, auditing, billing, or cost allocation.

Administrative Domain

An internet, or a collection of networks, computers, and databases under a common administration. Computer entities operating in a common administration may be assumed to share administratively created security associations.

Attendant A node designed to provide the service interface between a

client and the local domain.

Authentication

The act of verifying a claimed identity, in the form of a pre-existing label from a mutually known name space, as the originator of a message (message authentication) or as the end-point of a channel (entity authentication).

Authorization

The act of determining if a particular right, such as access to some resource, can be granted to the presenter of a particular credential.

   Billing   The act of preparing an invoice.
   
   Broker    A Broker is an entity that is in a different administrative
             domain from both the home AAA server and the local ISP, and
             which provides services, such as facilitating payments
             between the local ISP and home administrative entities.
             There are two different types of brokers; proxy and
             routing.
   
   Client    A node wishing to obtain service from an attendant within
             an administrative domain.

End-to-End

End-to-End is the security model that requires that security information be able to traverse, and be validated even when an AAA message is processed by intermediate nodes such as proxies, brokers, etc.

Foreign Domain

An administrative domain, visited by a Mobile IP client, and containing the AAA infrastructure needed to carry out the necessary operations enabling Mobile IP registrations. From the point of view of the foreign agent, the foreign domain is the local domain.

Home Domain

An administrative domain, containing the network whose prefix matches that of a mobile node's home address, and containing the AAA infrastructure needed to carry out the necessary operations enabling Mobile IP registrations. From the point of view of the home agent, the home domain is the local domain.

Hop-by-hop

Hop-by-hop is the security model that requires that each direct set of peers in a proxy network share a security association, and the security information does not traverse a AAA entity.

Inter-domain Accounting

Inter-domain accounting is the collection of information on resource usage of an entity within an administrative domain, for use within another administrative domain. In inter-domain accounting, accounting packets and session records will typically cross administrative boundaries.

Intra-domain Accounting

Intra-domain accounting is the collection of information on resource within an administrative domain, for use within that domain. In intra-domain accounting, accounting packets and session records typically do not cross administrative boundaries.

Local Domain

An administrative domain containing the AAA infrastructure of immediate interest to a Mobile IP client when it is away from home.

   Proxy     A AAA proxy is an entity that acts as both a client and a
             server.  When a request is received from a client, the
             proxy acts as a AAA server.  When the same request needs to
             be forwarded to another AAA entity, the proxy acts as a AAA
             client.

Local Proxy

A Local Proxy is a AAA server that satisfies the definition of a Proxy, and exists within the same administrative domain as the network device (e.g., NAS) that issued the AAA request. Typically, a local proxy will enforce local policies prior to forwarding responses to the network devices, and are generally used to multiplex AAA messages from a large number of network devices.

Network Access Identifier

The Network Access Identifier (NAI) is the userID submitted by the client during network access authentication. In roaming, the purpose of the NAI is to identify the user as well as to assist in the routing of the authentication request. The NAI may not necessarily be the same as the user's e-mail address or the user-ID submitted in an application layer authentication.

Routing Broker

A Routing Broker is a AAA entity that satisfies the definition of a Broker, but is NOT in the transmission path of AAA messages between the local ISP and the home domain's AAA servers. When a request is received by a Routing Broker, information is returned to the AAA requester that includes the information necessary for it to be able to contact the Home AAA server directly. Certain organizations providing Routing Broker services MAY also act as a Certificate Authority, allowing the Routing Broker to return the certificates necessary for the local ISP and the home AAA servers to communicate securely.

Non-Proxy Broker

A Routing Broker is occasionally referred to as a Non-Proxy Broker.

Proxy Broker

A Proxy Broker is a AAA entity that satisfies the definition of a Broker, and acts as a Transparent Proxy by acting as the forwarding agent for all AAA messages between the local ISP and the home domain's AAA servers.

Real-time Accounting

Real-time accounting involves the processing of information on resource usage within a defined time window. Time constraints are typically imposed in order to limit financial risk.

Roaming Capability

Roaming capability can be loosely defined as the ability to use any one of multiple Internet service providers (ISPs), while maintaining a formal, customer-vendor relationship with only one. Examples of cases where roaming capability might be required include ISP "confederations" and ISP- provided corporate network access support.

Session record

A session record represents a summary of the resource consumption of a user over the entire session. Accounting gateways creating the session record may do so by processing interim accounting events.

Transparent Proxy

A Transparent Proxy is a AAA server that satisfies the definition of a Proxy, but does not enforce any local policies (meaning that it does not add, delete or modify attributes or modify information within messages it forwards).

2. Requirements Summary

The AAA protocol evaluation criteria for network access are summarized below. For details on the requirements, please consult the documents referenced in the footnotes.

2.1. General requirements

These requirements apply to all aspects of AAA and thus are considered general requirements.

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  General                  | NASREQ  | ROAMOPS | MOBILE  |
   |  Reqts.                   |         |         |   IP    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Scalability             |    M    |   M     |    M    |
   |      a                    |   12    |   3     |  30 39  |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Fail-over               |    M    |         |    M    |
   |      b                    |   12    |         |   31    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Mutual auth             |    M    |         |    M    |
   |   AAA client/server       |   16    |         |   30    |
   |      c                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Transmission level      |         |   M     |    S    |
   |   security                |         |   6     |  31 39  |
   |      d                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Data object              |    M    |   M     |    M    |
   |  Confidentiality          |   26    |   6     |   40    |
   |      e                    |         |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Data object              |    M    |   M     |    M    |
   |  Integrity                |   16    |   6     |  31 39  |
   |      f                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Certificate transport    |    M    |         |  S/M    |
   |      g                    |   42    |         |31,33/46 |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Reliable AAA transport   |    M    |         |    M    |
   |  mechanism                |   22    |         |  31 32  |
   |      h                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Run Over IPv4           |    M    |   M     |    M    |
   |                           |   11    |   1     |   33    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Run Over IPv6           |    M    |         |    S    |
   |                           |   11    |   1     |   47    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Support Proxy and        |    M    |         |    M    |
   |  Routing Brokers          |   12    |         |  31 39  |
   |      i                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Auditability             |    S    |         |         |
   |      j                    |   25    |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Dual App and Transport  |         |   O     |     M   |
   |    Security not required  |         |   6     |    40   |
   |      k                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Ability to carry         |    M    |         |    S    |
   |  service-specific attr.   |   43    |         |  31 33  |
   |      l                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   Key
   M = MUST
   S = SHOULD
   O = MAY
   N = MUST NOT
   B = SHOULD NOT
   Clarifications
   
   [a]  The AAA protocol must be capable of supporting millions of users
        and tens of thousands of simultaneous requests.  The AAA
        architecture and protocol MUST be capable of supporting tens of
        thousands of devices, AAA servers, proxies and brokers.
   
   [b]  In the event of failure to communicate with a given server, the
        protocol must provide a mechanism to change service to another
        backup or secondary server.
   
   [c]  This requirement refers to the ability to support mutual
        authentication between the AAA client and server.
   
   [d]  The AAA protocol requires authentication, integrity protection
        and confidentiality at the transmission layer.  This security
        model is also referred to as hop-by-hop security, whereas the
        security is established between two communicating peers.  All of
        the security is removed when the AAA message is processed by a
        receiving AAA entity.
   
   [e]  The AAA protocol requires confidentiality at the object level,
        where an object consists of one or more attributes.  Object
        level confidentiality implies that only the target AAA entity
        for whom the data is ultimately destined may decrypt the data,
        regardless of the fact that the message may traverse one or more
        intermediate AAA entities (e.g., proxies, brokers).
   
   [f]  The AAA protocol requires authentication and integrity
        protection at the object level, which consists of one or more
        attributes.  Object level authentication must be persistent
        across one or more intermediate AAA entity (e.g., proxy, broker,
        etc), meaning that any AAA entity in a proxy chain may verify
        the authentication.  This implies that data that is covered by
        object level security CANNOT be modified by intermediate
        servers.
   
   [g]  The AAA protocol MUST be capable of transporting certificates.
        This requirement is intended as an optimization, in lieu of
        requiring that an out-of-band protocol be used to fetch
        certificates.
   
   [h]  This requirement refers to resilience against packet loss,
        including:
   
        1. Hop-by-hop retransmission and fail-over so that reliability
           does not solely depend on single hop transport
           retransmission.
   
        2. Control of the retransmission mechanism by the AAA
           application.
        3. Acknowledgment by the transport that a message was delivered
           successfully, separate from message semantics or syntax
           evaluation.
        5. Piggy-backing of acknowledgments in AAA messages.
        6. Timely delivery of AAA responses.
   
   [i]  In the Mobile IP AAA architecture, brokers can be in the
        forwarding path, in which case they act as transparent proxies
        (proxy brokers).  Alternatively, it is also possible to conceive
        of brokers operating as certifying authorities outside of the
        forwarding path (routing brokers).
   
   [j]  An auditable process is one in which it is possible to
        definitively determine what actions have been performed on AAA
        packets as they travel from the home AAA server to the network
        device and back.
   
   [k]  The AAA protocol MUST allow communication to be secured.
        However, the AAA protocol MUST also allow an underlying security
        service (e.g., IP Security) to be used.  When the latter is
        used, the former MUST NOT be required.
   
   [l]  The AAA protocol MUST be extensible by third parties (e.g.,
        other IETF Working Groups), in order to define attributes that
        are specific to the service being defined.  This requirement
        simply means that the AAA protocol MUST allow groups other than
        the AAA WG to define standard attributes.

2.2. Authentication Requirements

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   | Authentication            | NASREQ  | ROAMOPS | MOBILE  |
   | Reqts.                    |         |         |   IP    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   NAI Support             |    M    |   M     |   S/M   |
   |      a                    |    9    |   2     |32,34,39/|
   |                           |         |         |   40    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   CHAP Support            |    M    |   M     |         |
   |      b                    |   10    |   3     |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   EAP Support             |    M    |   S     |         |
   |      c                    |   10    |   3     |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   PAP/Clear-Text Support  |    M    |   B     |         |
   |      d                    |   26    |   3     |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Re-authentication       |    M    |         |    S    |
   |   on demand               |   17    |         |   33    |
   |      e                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Authorization Only      |    M    |         |         |
   |   without Authentication  |    9    |         |         |
   |      f                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   Key
   M = MUST
   S = SHOULD
   O = MAY
   N = MUST NOT
   B = SHOULD NOT
   Clarifications
   
   [a]  The AAA protocol MUST allow the use of Network Access
        Identifiers (NAI) [8] to identify users and/or devices.
   
   [b]  The AAA protocol MUST allow CHAP [20] authentication information
        to be transported.  This is commonly used by Network Access
        Servers that request authentication of a PPP user.
   
   [c]  The AAA protocol MUST allow for Extensible Authentication
        Protocol (EAP) [14] payload to be transported.  Since some EAP
        authentication mechanisms require more than one round trip, the
        AAA protocol must allow for such authentication mechanisms to be
        used.  The actual EAP authentication mechanism negotiated MUST
        be transparent to the AAA protocol.  When EAP is used,
        authentication typically occurs between the user being
        authenticated and his/her home AAA server.
   
   [d]  While PAP is deprecated, it is still in widespread use for its
        original intended purpose, which is support of clear-text
        passwords.  As a result, a AAA protocol will need to be able to
        securely transport clear-text passwords.  This includes
        providing for confidentiality of clear-text passwords traveling
        over the wire, as well as protecting against disclosure of
        clear-text passwords to proxies in the forwarding path.
   
   [e]  The AAA protocol MUST allow for a user to be re-authenticated
        on-demand.  The protocol MUST allow for this event to be
        triggered by either the user, access device (AAA client), or the
        home or visited AAA server.
   
   [f]  The AAA protocol MUST NOT require that credentials of the user
        be provided during authorization.  The AAA protocol supports
        authorization by identification or assertion only.

2.3. Authorization Requirements

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   | Authorization             | NASREQ  | ROAMOPS | MOBILE  |
   | Reqts.                    |         |         |   IP    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Static and Dynamic      |         |         |         |
   |   IPv4/6 Address Assign.  |    M    |   M     |   M     |
   |      a                    |   11    |   5     | 32 36   |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   RADIUS gateway          |    M    |   M     |    M    |
   |   capability              |   44    |   3     |    45   |
   |      b                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Reject                  |    M    |   M     |   M     |
   |   capability              |   12    |   4     |  39     |
   |      c                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Precludes layer 2       |    N    |   N     |         |
   |   tunneling               |   11    |   5     |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Re-Authorization on      |    M    |         |   S     |
   |   demand                  |   18    |         | 30 33   |
   |      d                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Support for Access Rules,|    M    |         |         |
   |  Restrictions, Filters    | 11, 19  |         |         |
   |      e                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  State Reconciliation     |    M    |         |         |
   |      f                    |   20    |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Unsolicited Disconnect   |    M    |         |         |
   |      g                    |   18    |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   Key
   M = MUST
   S = SHOULD
   O = MAY
   N = MUST NOT
   B = SHOULD NOT
   
   Clarifications
   
   [a]  The AAA protocol MUST allow a server to provide a static or
        dynamic address during the authorization phase of a user and/or
        device.  The address assigned MUST be either of type IPv4 or
        IPv6.  If both the client AND the server are aware of a pre-
        configured address, then it is considered static.  Anything else
        is dynamic.
   
   [b]  This requirement refers to the ability of a new AAA protocol be
        sufficiently compatible with the large installed base of
        attributes for existing approaches (RADIUS), such that a server
        implementation could speak both protocols, or translate between
        them.
   
   [c]  This requirement refers to the ability of a proxy broker to deny
        access without forwarding the access request to the AAA server,
        or to deny access after receiving an access accept from the AAA
        server.
   
   [d]  This requirement refers to the ability of the AAA client or
        server to trigger re-authorization, or to the ability of the
        server to send updated authorization information to the device,
        such as "stop service."  Authorization can allow for a time
        period, then additional authorization can be sought to continue.
        A server can initially authorize a user to connect and receive
        services, but later decide the user is no longer allowed use of
        the service, for example after N minutes.  Authorizations can
        have a time limit.  Re-authorization does not necessarily imply
        re-authentication.
   
   [e]  This requirement refers to the ability to of the protocol to
        describe access operational limitations and authorization
        restrictions to usage to the NAS which includes (but is not
        limited to):

1. Session expirations and Idle Timeouts
2. Packet filters
3. Static routes
4. QoS parameters

   [f]  This requirement refers to the ability of the NAS to use the AAA
        server to manage resource allocation state.  This capability can
        assist with, but it is not synonymous with, simultaneous user
        login control, port usage limitations, or IP address pooling.

The design must provide for recovery from data loss due to a variety of faults, including NAS and AAA server reboots, and NAS/AAA server communication outages, and MUST be independent of the accounting stream. The granularity of the recovery of state information after an outage may be on the order of a fraction of a minute. In order to provide for state recovery, explicit session/resource status and update and disconnect messages will be required.

Because of potential multi-domain issues, only systems that allocate or use a resource should track its state.

   [g]  This requirement refers to the ability of the AAA server to
        request the NAS to disconnect an active session for
        authorization policy reasons.

2.4. Accounting Requirements

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   | Accounting                | NASREQ  | ROAMOPS | MOBILE  |
   | Reqts.                    |         |         |   IP    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Real-time accounting    |    M    |    M    |   M     |
   |      a                    |   14    |    7    |  31     |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Mandatory Compact       |         |    M    |         |
   |    Encoding               |         |    7    |         |
   |      b                    |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Accounting Record       |         |    M    |   M     |
   |    Extensibility          |         |    7    |  33     |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Batch Accounting        |    S    |         |         |
   |      c                    |   21    |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Guaranteed Delivery     |    M    |         |    M    |
   |      d                    |   22    |         |   31    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |   Accounting Time Stamps  |    M    |         |    M    |
   |      e                    |   23    |         |   40    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Dynamic Accounting       |    M    |         |         |
   |      f                    |   48    |         |         |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   Key
   M = MUST
   S = SHOULD
   O = MAY
   N = MUST NOT
   B = SHOULD NOT
   
   Clarifications
   
   [a]  This requirement may be loosely defined as reporting
        synchronously with events.  Typically the time window is on the
        order of seconds, not milliseconds.
   
   [b]  The AAA protocol's Accounting data format MUST NOT be bloated,
        imposing a large overhead for one or more accounting data
        elements.
   
   [c]  This requirement refers to the ability to buffer or store
        multiple accounting records, and send them together at some
        later time.
   
   [d]  This is an application layer acknowledgment.  This is sent when
        the receiving server is willing to take responsibility for the
        message data.
   
   [e]  This requirement refers to the ability to reflect the time of
        occurrence of events such as log-on, logoff, authentication,
        authorization and interim accounting.  It also implies the
        ability to provide for unambiguous time-stamps.
   
   [f]  This requirement refers to the ability to account for dynamic
        authentication and authorization.  To support this, there can be
        multiple accounting records for a single session.

2.5. Unique Mobile IP requirements

In addition to the above requirements, Mobile IP also has the following additional requirements:

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Encoding of Mobile IP    |         |         |   M     |
   |  registration messages    |         |         |   33    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Firewall friendly        |         |         |   M     |
   |      a                    |         |         |   35    |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           |         |         |         |
   |  Allocation of local Home |         |         |   S/M   |
   |  agent                    |         |         |  37/41  |
   |                           |         |         |         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   
   Key
   M = MUST
   S = SHOULD
   O = MAY
   N = MUST NOT
   B = SHOULD NOT
   
   Clarifications
   
   [a]  A firewall friendly protocol is one which is designed to
        accommodate a firewall acting as a proxy.  For example, this
        would permit a Home Agent AAA server situated behind a firewall
        to be reachable from the Internet for the purposes of providing
        AAA services to a Mobile IP Foreign Agent.
   
        Notes
   
        [1] Section 4.2.1 of [2]
        [2] Section 4.2.2 of [2]. Also see [8].
        [3] Section 4.2.3 of [2]. Also see [14].
        [4] Section 4.2.4 of [2].
        [5] Section 4.2.5 of [2].
        [6] Section 4.2.6 of [2].
        [7] Section 4.3 of [2].
        [8] Section 6 of [3].  Also see [6].
        [9] Section 8.2.2.2 of [3].  Also see [14].
        [10] Section 8.2.2.1 of [3].  Also see [14].
        [11] Section 8.3.2.2 of [3].  Also see [7].
        [12] Section 8.1.1 of [3].
        [13] Section 8.1.4.4 of [3].
        [14] Section 8.4.1.2 of [3].
        [15] Section 8.4.2 of [3].
        [16] Section 8.1.3 of [3].
        [17] Section 8.2.1.2 of [3].
        [18] Section 8.3.1.1 of [3].
        [19] Section 8.3.2.1 of [3].  Also see [7].
        [20] Section 8.3.2.3 of [3].  Also see [6], [7].
        [21] Section 8.4.1.3 of [3].
        [22] Section 8.4.1.1 of [3].
        [23] Section 8.4.1.4 of [3].
        [24] Section 8.4.3.1 of [3].
        [25] Section 8.4.3.2 of [3].
        [26] Section 8.2.3.1 of [3].
        [27] Section 8.3.3.1 of [3].
        [28] Section 8.1.4.1 of [3].
        [29] Refer [15]
        [30] Section 3 of [5]
        [31] Section 3.1 of [5]
        [32] Section 4 of [5]
        [33] Section 5 of [5]
        [34] Section 5.1 of [5]
        [35] Section 5.2 of [5]
        [36] Section 5.3 of [5]
        [37] Section 5.4 of [5]
        [38] Section 5.5 of [5]
        [39] Section 6 of [5]
        [40] Section 5.1 of [4]
        [41] Section 5.2.2 of [4]
        [42] Section 8.2.2.2 of [3]
        [43] Section 8.1.2.3 of [3]
        [44] Section 8.1.2.2 of [3]
        [45] Section 5.4 of [4]
        [46] Section 7 of [4]
        [47] Section 8 of [5]
        [48] Section 8.4.1.5 of [3]

3. References

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
   
   [2]  Aboba, B. and G. Zorn, "Criteria for Evaluating Roaming
        Protocols", RFC 2477, January 1999.
   
   [3]  Beadles, M. and D. Mitton, "Criteria for Evaluating Network
        Access Server Protocols", Work in Progress.
   
   [4]  Hiller, T., et al., "Cdma2000 Wireless Data Requirements for
        AAA", Work in Progress.
   
   [5]  Glass, S., Hiller, T., Jacobs, S. and C. Perkins, "Mobile IP
        Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Requirements", RFC
        2977, October 2000.
   
   [6]  Mitton, D., Beadles, M., "Network Access Server Requirements
        Next Generation (NASREQNG) NAS Model", RFC 2881, July 2000.
   
   [7]  Mitton, D., "Network Access Server Requirements: Extended RADIUS
        Practices", RFC 2882, July 2000.
   
   [8]  Aboba,  B. and M. Beadles, "The Network Access Identifier", RFC
        2486, January 1999.
   
   [9]  Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A. and W. Simpson, "Remote
        Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June
        2000.

[10] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.

   [11] Simpson, W., Editor, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD
        51, RFC 1661, July 1994.
   
   [12] Sklower, K., Lloyd, B., McGregor, G., Carr, D. and T. Coradetti,
        "The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)", RFC 1990, August 1996.
   
   [13] Simpson, W., Editor, "PPP LCP Extensions", RFC 1570, January
        1994.
   
   [14] Blunk, L. and J. Vollbrecht, "PPP Extensible Authentication
        Protocol (EAP)", RFC 2284, March 1998.
   
   [15] Solomon, J. and S. Glass, "Mobile-IPv4 Configuration Option for
        PPP IPCP", RFC 2290, Feb 1998
   
   [16] Calhoun, P. and C. Perkins, "Mobile IP Network Access Identifier
        Extension for IPv4", RFC 2794, March 2000.

[17] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support", RFC 2002, Oct 1996.

   [18] Johnson, D. and C. Perkins, "Mobility Support in IPv6", Work in
        Progress.
   
   [19] Aboba, B. and J. Vollbrecht, "Proxy Chaining and Policy
        Implementation in Roaming", RFC 2607, June 1999.
   
   [20] Simpson, W., "PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
        (CHAP)", RFC 1994, August 1996.

4. Security Considerations

This document, being a requirements document, does not have any security concerns. The security requirements on protocols to be evaluated using this document are described in the referenced documents.

5. IANA Considerations

This memo does not create any new number spaces for IANA administration.

6. Acknowledgments

Thanks to the members of the Mobile IP, AAA, and NASREQ working groups who have discussed and commented on these requirements. We would also like to thank the members of the AAA evaluation team, Mike St. Johns, Barney Wolf, Mark Stevens, David Nelson, Dave Mitton, Basavaraj Patil and Stuart Barkley for their thorough review of this document.

7. Authors' Addresses

Bernard Aboba
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052

   Phone: +1 425-936-6605
   Fax:   +1 425-936-7329
   EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com

Pat R. Calhoun
Network and Security Research Center, Sun Labs
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
15 Network Circle
Menlo Park, CA 94025

   Phone: +1 650-786-7733
   EMail: pcalhoun@eng.sun.com

Steven M. Glass
Sun Microsystems
1 Network Drive
Burlington, MA 01845

   Phone: +1 781-442-0504
   Fax:   +1 781-442-1677
   EMail: steven.glass@sun.com

Tom Hiller
Wireless Data Standards & Architectures
Lucent Technologies
263 Shuman Drive
Room 1HP2F-218
Naperville, IL 60563

   Phone: +1 630-976-7673
   EMail: tom.hiller@lucent.com
   
   Peter J. McCann
   Lucent Technologies
   Rm 2Z-305
   263 Shuman Blvd
   Naperville, IL  60566
   
   Phone: +1 630-713 9359
   EMail: mccap@lucent.com

Hajime Shiino
Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd.
25 Mori Bldg. 1-4-30 Roppongi,
Minato-ku Tokyo
Japan

   Phone: +81-3-5561-3695
   EMail: hshiino@lucent.com

Glen Zorn
Cisco Systems, Inc.
500 108th Avenue N.E., Suite 500
Bellevue, WA 98004

   Phone: +1 425-468-0955
   EMail: gwz@cisco.com

Gopal Dommety
IOS Network Protocols
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-1706

   Phone: +1 408-525-1404
   Fax:   +1 408-526-4952
   EMail: gdommety@cisco.com

Charles E. Perkins
Communications Systems Lab
Nokia Research Center
313 Fairchild Drive
Mountain View, CA

   Phone: +1 650-625-2986
   Fax:   +1-650-625-2502
   EMail: charliep@iprg.nokia.com

Basavaraj Patil
Nokia Networks
6000 Connection Dr.
Irving, TX 75039

   Phone: +1 972-894-6709
   Fax:   +1 972-894-5349
   EMail: Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com

David Mitton
Nortel Networks
880 Technology Park Drive
Billerica, MA 01821

   Phone: +1 978-288-4570
   EMail: dmitton@nortelnetworks.com
   
   Serge Manning
   Nortel Networks
   2201 Lakeside Blvd
   Richardson, TX  75082-4399
   
   Phone: +1 972-684-7277
   EMail: smanning@nortelnetworks.com

Mark Anthony Beadles
SmartPipes, Inc.
565 Metro Place South
Suite 300
Dublin, OH 43017

   Phone: +1 614-923-5657
   EMail: mbeadles@smartpipes.com

Pat Walsh
Lucent Technologies
263 Shuman Blvd.
1F-545
Naperville, IL

   Phone: +1 630-713-5063
   EMail: walshp@lucent.com

Xing Chen
Alcatel USA
1000 Coit Road
Plano, TX 75075

   Phone: +1 972-519-4142
   Fax:   +1 972-519-3300
   EMail: xing.chen@usa.alcatel.com

Sanjeevan Sivalingham
Ericsson Wireless Communications Inc.,
Rm Q-356C
6455 Lusk Blvd
San Diego, CA 92126

   Phone: +1 858-332-5670
   EMail: s.sivalingham@ericsson.com

Alan Hameed
Fujitsu
2801 Telecom Parkway
Richardson, TX 75082

   Phone: +1 972-479-2089
   Mark Munson
   GTE Wireless
   One GTE Place
   Alpharetta, GA  30004
   
   Phone: +1 678-339-4439
   EMail: mmunson@mobilnet.gte.com

Stuart Jacobs
Secure Systems Department
GTE Laboratories
40 Sylvan Road,
Waltham, MA 02451-1128

   Phone: +1 781-466-3076
   Fax:   +1 781-466-2838
   EMail: sjacobs@gte.com
   
   Byung-Keun Lim
   LG Electronics, Ltd.
   533, Hogye-dong, Dongan-ku, Anyang-shi,
   Kyungki-do,431-080
   Korea
   
   Phone: +82-31-450-7199
   Fax:   +82-31-450-7050
   EMail: bklim@lgic.co.kr

Brent Hirschman
1501 Shure Dr.
Arlington Hieghts, IL 60006

   Phone: +1 847-632-1563
   EMail: qa4053@email.mot.com

Raymond T. Hsu
Qualcomm Inc.
6455 Lusk Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121

   Phone: +1 619-651-3623
   EMail: rhsu@qualcomm.com

Haeng S. Koo
Samsung Telecommunications America, Inc.
1130 E. Arapaho Road
Richardson, TX 75081

   Phone: +1 972-761-7755
   EMail: hskoo@sta.samsung.com
   
   Mark A. Lipford
   Sprint PCS
   8001 College Blvd.; Suite 210
   Overland Park, KS  66210
   
   Phone: +1 913-664-8335
   EMail: mlipfo01@sprintspectrum.com

Ed Campbell
3Com Corporation
1800 W. Central Rd.
Mount Prospect, IL 60056

   Phone: +1 847-342-6769
   EMail: ed_campbell@3com.com

Name: Yingchun Xu
WaterCove Networks
One Century Centre, Suite 550
1750 E. Golf Road
Schaumburg, IL

   Phone: +1 847-477-9280
   EMail: yxu@watercove.com

Shinichi Baba
Toshiba America Research, Inc.
PO Box 136,
Convent Station, NJ 07961-0136

   Phone: +1 973-829-4795
   EMail: sbaba@tari.toshiba.com

Eric Jaques
Vodafone AirTouch
2999 Oak Road, MS-750
Walnut Creek, CA 94596

   Phone: +1 925-279-6142
   EMail: ejaques@akamail.com

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