Internet Printing Protocol (IPP):

Event Notifications and Subscriptions

Status of This Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

Copyright © The Internet Society (2005).

Abstract

This document describes an OPTIONAL extension to the Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics (RFC 2911, RFC 2910). This extension allows a client to subscribe to printing related Events. Subscriptions are modeled as Subscription Objects. The Subscription Object specifies that when one of the specified Events occurs, the Printer delivers an asynchronous Event Notification to the specified Notification Recipient via the specified Push or Pull Delivery Method (i.e., protocol).

A client associates Subscription Objects with a particular Job by performing the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation or by submitting a Job with subscription information. A client associates Subscription Objects with the Printer by performing a Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation. Four other operations are defined for Subscription Objects: Get-Subscriptions-Attributes, Get-Subscriptions, Renew- Subscription, and Cancel-Subscription.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       1.1.  Notification Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   2.  Models for Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       2.1.  Model for Simple Notification (Normative). . . . . . . .  8
       2.2.  Additional Models for Notification (Informative) . . . .  9
   3.  Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       3.1.  Conformance Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       3.2.  Other Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   4.  Object Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       4.1.  Printer and Per-Printer Subscription Objects . . . . . . 13
       4.2.  Printer, Job and Per-Job Subscription Objects. . . . . . 13
   5.  Subscription Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       5.1.  Rules for Support of Subscription Template Attributes. . 14
       5.2.  Rules for Processing Subscription Template Attributes. . 15
       5.3.  Subscription Template Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
             5.3.1.  notify-recipient-uri (uri) . . . . . . . . . . . 20
             5.3.2.  notify-pull-method (type2 keyword) . . . . . . . 21
             5.3.3.  notify-events (1setOf type2 keyword) . . . . . . 22
             5.3.4.  notify-attributes (1setOf type2 keyword) . . . . 29
             5.3.5.  notify-user-data (octetString(63)) . . . . . . . 30
             5.3.6.  notify-charset (charset) . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
             5.3.7.  notify-natural-language (naturalLanguage). . . . 31
             5.3.8.  notify-lease-duration (integer(0:67108863)). . . 32
             5.3.9.  notify-time-interval (integer(0:MAX)). . . . . . 33
       5.4.  Subscription Description Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . 34
             5.4.1.  notify-subscription-id  (integer (1:MAX)). . . . 35
             5.4.2.  notify-sequence-number (integer (0:MAX)) . . . . 35
             5.4.3.  notify-lease-expiration-time (integer(0:MAX)). . 36
             5.4.4.  notify-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX)). . . . . 37
             5.4.5.  notify-printer-uri (uri) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
             5.4.6.  notify-job-id (integer(1:MAX)) . . . . . . . . . 37
             5.4.7.  notify-subscriber-user-name (name(MAX)). . . . . 38
   6.  Printer Description Attributes Related to Notification . . . . 38
       6.1.  printer-state-change-time (integer(1:MAX)) . . . . . . . 39
       6.2.  printer-state-change-date-time (dateTime). . . . . . . . 39
   7.  New Values for Existing Printer Description Attributes . . . . 39
       7.1.  operations-supported (1setOf type2 enum) . . . . . . . . 40
   8.  Attributes Only in Event Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
       8.1.  notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword). . . . . . . . . 40
       8.2.  notify-text (text(MAX)). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
   9.  Event Notification Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
       9.1.  Content of Machine Consumable Event Notifications. . . . 44
             9.1.1.  Event Notification Content Common to All Events. 44
             9.1.2.  Additional Event Notification Content for Job
                     Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   
             9.1.3.  Additional Event Notification Content for
                     Printer Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
       9.2.  Content of Human Consumable Event Notification . . . . . 46
             9.2.1.  Event Notification Content Common to All Events. 47
             9.2.2.  Additional Event Notification Content for Job
                     Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
             9.2.3.  Additional Event Notification Content for
                     Printer Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
   10. Delivery Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
   11. Operations for Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
       11.1. Subscription Creation Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
             11.1.1. Create-Job-Subscriptions Operation . . . . . . . 52
             11.1.2. Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation . . . . . 55
             11.1.3. Job Creation Operations - Extensions for
                     Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       11.2 Other Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
             11.2.1. Restart-Job Operation - Extensions for
                     Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
             11.2.2. Validate-Job Operation - Extensions for
                     Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
             11.2.3. Get-Printer-Attributes - Extensions for
                     Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
             11.2.4. Get-Subscription-Attributes operation. . . . . . 60
             11.2.5. Get-Subscriptions operation. . . . . . . . . . . 63
             11.2.6. Renew-Subscription operation . . . . . . . . . . 66
             11.2.7. Cancel-Subscription operation. . . . . . . . . . 68
   12. Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
       12.1. successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions (0x0003) . . . . . . 70
       12.2. client-error-ignored-all-subscriptions (0x0414). . . . . 71
   13. Status Codes in Subscription Attributes Groups . . . . . . . . 71
       13.1. client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported (0x040C) . . . . . 71
       13.2. client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported (0x040B) 71
       13.3. client-error-too-many-subscriptions (0x0415) . . . . . . 72
       13.4. successful-ok-too-many-events (0x0005) . . . . . . . . . 72
       13.5. successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes (0x0001) 72
   14. Encodings of Additional Attribute Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
   15. Conformance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
       15.1. Conformance requirements for clients . . . . . . . . . . 73
       15.2. Conformance requirements for Printers. . . . . . . . . . 73
   16. Model for Notification with Cascading Printers (Informative) . 74
   17. Distributed Model for Notification (Informative) . . . . . . . 75
   18. Extended Notification Recipient (Informative). . . . . . . . . 76
   19. Object Model for Notification (Normative). . . . . . . . . . . 77
       19.1. Object relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
       19.2. Printer Object and Per-Printer Subscription Objects. . . 79
       19.3. Job Object and Per-Job Subscription Objects. . . . . . . 79
   20. Per-Job versus Per-Printer Subscription Objects (Normative). . 79
   21. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
   22. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
   23. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
       23.1. Attribute Registrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
       23.2. Additional Enum Attribute Value Registrations within
             the IPP registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
       23.3. Operation Registrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
       23.4. Status code Registrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
       23.5. Attribute Group tag Registrations. . . . . . . . . . . . 84
       23.6. Registration of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
       23.7. Registration of Event Notification Delivery Methods. . . 85
             23.7.1. Requirements for Registration of Event
                     Notification Delivery Methods. . . . . . . . . . 85
             23.7.2. Registration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
             23.7.3. Delivery Method Document Registrations . . . . . 87
             23.7.4. Registration Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
   24. Internationalization Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
   25. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
       25.1. Client access rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
       25.2. Printer security threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
       25.3. Notification Recipient security threats. . . . . . . . . 91
   26. Description of the base IPP documents (Informative). . . . . . 92
   27. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
   Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Tables

   Table 1  - Subscription Template Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   Table 2  - Subscription Description Attributes . . . . . . . . . . 35
   Table 3  - Printer Description Attributes Associated with
              Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
   Table 4  - Operation-id assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   Table 5  - Attributes in Event Notification Content. . . . . . . . 45
   Table 6  - Additional Event Notification Content for Job Events. . 46
   Table 7  - Combinations of Events and Subscribed Events for
              "job-impressions-completed" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
   Table 8  - Additional Event Notification Content for Printer
              Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
   Table 9  - Printer Name in Event Notification Content. . . . . . . 48
   Table 10 - Event Name in Event Notification Content. . . . . . . . 48
   Table 11 - Event Time in Event Notification Content. . . . . . . . 48
   Table 12 - Job Name in Event Notification Content. . . . . . . . . 49
   Table 13 - Job State in Event Notification Content . . . . . . . . 49
   Table 14 - Printer State in Event Notification Content . . . . . . 50
   Table 15 - Information about the Delivery Method . . . . . . . . . 51
   Table 16 - Printer Conformance Requirements for Operations . . . . 74

Figures

   Figure 1 - Model for Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   Figure 2 - Model for Notification with Cascading Printers. . . . . 75
   Figure 3 - Opaque Use of a Notification Server Transparent to the
              Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
   Figure 4 - Use of an Extended Notification Recipient transparent
              to the Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
   Figure 5 - Object Model for Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

1. Introduction

This IPP notification specification is an OPTIONAL extension to Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics [RFC2911, RFC2910]. See Appendix 29 for a description of the base IPP documents. This document in combination with the following documents is intended to meet the most important notification requirements described in [RFC3997]:

      Internet Printing Protocol (IPP):  "Job Progress Attributes"
      [RFC3381]
      
      Internet Printing Protocol (IPP):  "The 'ippget' Delivery Method
      for Event Notifications" [RFC3996]

This specification REQUIRES that clients and Printers support the 'ippget' Pull Delivery Method [RFC3996]. Conforming client and Printer implementations MAY support additional Push or Pull Delivery Methods as well. Note: this document does not define any Delivery Methods itself, but it does define the rules for conformance for Delivery Method Documents and their registration with IANA (see section 23.7.3).

Refer to the Table of Contents for the layout of this document.

1.1. Notification Overview

This document defines operations that a client can perform in order to create Subscription Objects in a Printer and carry out other operations on them. A Subscription Object represents a Subscription abstraction. The Subscription Object specifies that when one of the specified Events occurs, the Printer delivers an asynchronous Event Notification to the specified Notification Recipient via the specified Delivery Method (i.e., protocol).

When a client (called a Subscribing Client) performs an operation that creates a Subscription Object, the operation contains one or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups. Each such group holds information used by the Printer to initialize a newly created Subscription Object. The Printer creates one Subscription Object for each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the operation. This group is like the Job Template Attributes group defined in [RFC2911]. The following is an example of the information included in a Subscription Template Attributes Group (see section 5 for details on the Subscription Object attributes):

1. The names of Subscribed Events that are of interest to the Notification Recipient.

2. The address (URL) of one Notification Recipient for a Push Delivery Method or the method for a Pull Delivery Method.

3. The Delivery Method (i.e., the protocol) which the Printer uses to deliver the Event Notification.

4. Some opaque data that the Printer delivers to the Notification Recipient in the Event Notification. For example, the Notification Recipient might use this opaque data as a forwarding address for the Event Notification.

5. The charset to use in text fields within an Event Notification

6. The natural language to use in the text fields of the Event Notification

7. The requested lease time in seconds for the Subscription Object

An operation that creates a Subscription Object is called a Subscription Creation Operation. These operations include the following operations (see section 11.1 for further details):

• Job Creation operation: When a client performs such an operation (Print-Job, Print-URI, and Create-Job), a client can include zero or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the request. The Printer creates one Subscription Object for each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the request, and the Printer associates each such Subscription Object with the newly created Job. This document extends these operations' definitions in [RFC2911] by adding Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the request and Subscription Attributes Groups in the response.

      -  Create-Job-Subscriptions operation: A client can include one or
         more Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the request.
         The Printer creates one Subscription Object for each

Subscription Template Attributes Group and associates each with the job that is the target of this operation.

      -  Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation: A client can include
         one or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the
         request.  The Printer creates one Subscription Object for each
         Subscription Template Attributes Group and associates each with
         the Printer that is the target of this operation.

For each of the above operations:

• the Printer associates a Subscription Object with the Printer or a specific Job. When a Subscription Object is associated with a Job Object, it is called a Per-Job Subscription Object. When a Subscription Object is associated with a Printer Object, it is called a Per-Printer Subscription Object.

• the response contains one Subscription Attributes Group for each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the request and in the same order. When the Printer successfully creates a Subscription Object, its corresponding Subscription Attributes Group contains the "notify-subscription-id" attribute. This attribute uniquely identifies the Subscription Object and is analogous to a "job-id" for a Job object. Some operations described below use the "notify-subscription-id" to identify the target Subscription Object.

This document defines the following additional operations (see section 11.2 for further details):

   -  Restart-Job operation: When a client performs the Restart-Job
   
      operation [RFC2911], the Printer re-uses the same Job and its
      Subscription Objects.

• Validate-Job operation: When a client performs this operation, a client can include zero or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the request. The Printer determines if it could create one Subscription Object for each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the request. This document extends this operation's definition in [RFC2911] by adding Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the request and Subscription Attributes Groups in the response.

   -  Get-Subscription-Attributes operation: This operation allows a
      client to obtain the specified attributes of a target Subscription
      Object.

• Get-Subscriptions operation: This operation allows a client to obtain the specified attributes of all Subscription Objects associated with the Printer or a specified Job.

• Renew-Subscription operation: This operation renews the lease on the target Per-Printer Subscription Object before it expires. A newly created Per-Printer Subscription Object receives an initial lease. It is the duty of the client to use this operation frequently enough to preserve a Per-Printer Subscription Object. The Printer deletes a Per-Printer Subscription Object when its lease expires. A Per-Job Subscription Object last exactly as long as its associated Job Object and thus doesn't have a lease.

   -  Cancel-Subscription operation: This operation (1) cancels the
      lease on the specified Per-Printer Subscription Object and thereby
      deletes the Per-Printer Subscription Object or (2) deletes the
      Per-Job Subscription Object.

When an Event occurs, the Printer finds all Subscription Objects listening for the Event (see section 9 for details on finding such Subscription Objects). For each such Subscription Object, the Printer:

a) generates an Event Notification with information specified in

      section 9, AND

b) either:

i) If the Delivery Method is a Push Delivery Method as indicated

by the presence of the Subscription Object's "notify- recipient-uri" attribute, delivers the Event Notification using the Delivery Method and target address identified in the Subscription Object's "notify-recipient-uri" attribute, OR

ii) If the Delivery Method is a Pull Delivery Method as indicated

by the presence of the Subscription Object's "notify-pull- method" attribute, saves Event Notification for a time period called the Event Life defined by the Delivery Method, i.e., the Notification Recipient is expected to fetch the Event Notifications.

2. Models for Notification

2.1. Model for Simple Notification (Normative)

As part of a Subscription Creation Operation, an IPP Printer (i.e., located in an output device or a server) creates one or more Subscription Objects. In a Subscription Creation Operation, the client specifies the Notification Recipient to which the Printer is to deliver Event Notifications. A Notification Recipient can be the Subscribing Client or a third party.

Figure 1 shows the Notification model for a simple Client-Printer relationship.

embedded printer:

                                        output device or server
   PDA, desktop, or server                 +---------------+
        +--------+                         |  ###########  |
        | client |-----Subscription ---------># Printer #  |
        +--------+  Creation Operation     |  # Object  #  |
     +------------+                        |  #####|#####  |
     |Notification|                        +-------|-------+
     |Recipient   |<----IPP Event Notifications----+
     +------------+    (Job and/or Printer Events)

Figure 1 - Model for Notification

2.2. Additional Models for Notification (Informative)

Additional models have been proposed (see Appendices 16, 17, and 18).

3. Terminology

This section defines terminology used throughout this document. Other terminology is defined in [RFC2911].

3.1. Conformance Terminology

Capitalized terms, such as MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, MAY, NEED NOT, and OPTIONAL, have special meaning relating to conformance as defined in RFC 2119 [RFC2119] and [RFC2911] section 12.1. If an implementation supports the extension defined in this document, then these terms apply; otherwise, they do not. These terms define conformance to this document only; they do not affect conformance to other documents, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Note: a feature that is OPTIONAL in this document becomes REQUIRED if the Printer implements a Delivery Method that REQUIRES the feature.

READ-ONLY - an adjective used in an attribute definition to indicate that an IPP Printer MUST NOT allow the attribute's value to be modified.

3.2. Other Terminology

This document uses the same terminology as [RFC2911], such as "client", "Printer", "attribute", "attribute value", "keyword", "operation", "request", "response", "administrator", "operator", and "support". In addition, the following terms are defined for use in this document and the Delivery Method Documents:

Compound Event Notification - two or more Event Notifications that a Printer delivers together as a single request or response. The Delivery Method Document specifies whether the Delivery Method supports Compound Event Notifications.

Delivery Method - the mechanism by which the Printer delivers an Event Notification.

Delivery Method Document - a document, separate from this document, that defines a Delivery Method.

Event - some occurrence (either expected or unexpected) within the printing system of a change of state, condition, or configuration of a Job or Printer object. An Event occurs only at one instant in time and does not span the time the physical Event takes place. For example, jam-occurred and jam-cleared are two distinct, instantaneous Events, even though the jam may last for a while.

Event Life - For a Pull Delivery Method, the length of time in seconds after an Event occurs during which the Printer will retain that Event for delivery in an Event Notification. After the Event Life expires, the Printer will no longer deliver an Event Notification for that Event in such a response.

Event Notification - the information about an Event that the Printer delivers when an Event occurs.

Event Notification Attributes Group - The attributes group which is used to deliver an Event Notification in a request (Push Delivery Methods) or a response (Pull Delivery Methods).

Human Consumable Event Notification - localized text for human consumption only. There is no standardized format and thus programs should not try to parse this text.

   Job Creation operation - One of the operations that creates a Job
   object:  Print-Job, Print-URI and Create-Job.  The Restart-Job
   operation [RFC2911] is not considered a Job Creation operation, since
   the Printer re-uses the existing Job object.  The Validate-Job
   operation is not considered a Job Creation operation because no Job

object is created. Therefore, when a statement also applies to either the Restart-Job and/or the Validate-Job operation, they are mentioned explicitly.

Job Event - an Event caused by some change in a particular job on the Printer, e.g., 'job-completed'.

Machine Consumable Event Notification - bytes for program consumption. The bytes are formatted according to the Delivery Method document.

Notification - when not in the phrases 'Event Notification' and 'Notification Recipient' - the concepts of this specification, i.e., Events, Subscription Objects, and Event Notifications.

Notification Recipient - the entity to which the Printer delivers an Event Notification. For Push Delivery Methods, the IPP Printer sends the Notifications to a Notification Recipient. For Pull Delivery Methods, the Notification Recipient is acting in the role of an IPP client and requests Event Notifications and so the terms "client" and

"Notification Recipient" are used interchangeably with such Delivery Methods. For example, see [RFC3996].

Per-Job Subscription Object - A Subscription Object that is associated with a single Job. The Create-Job-Subscriptions operation and Job Creation operations create such an object.

Per-Printer Subscription Object - A Subscription Object that is associated with the Printer as a whole. The Create-Printer- Subscriptions operation creates such an object.

Printer Event - an Event caused by some change in the Printer that is not specific to a job, e.g., 'printer-state-changed'.

Pull Delivery Method - The Printer saves Event Notifications for some event life time and expects the Notification Recipient to request Event Notifications. The Printer delivers the Event Notifications in a response to such a request.

Push Delivery Method -The Printer delivers the Event Notification shortly after an Event occurs.

Subscribed Event - an Event that the Subscribing Client expresses interest in by making it a value of the "notify-events" attribute on a Subscription Object.

Subscribed Job Event - a Subscribed Event that is a Job Event.

Subscribed Printer Event - a Subscribed Event that is a Printer Event.

Subscribing Client - The client that creates the Subscription Object.

Subscription Attributes Group - The attributes group in a response that contains Subscription Object attributes.

   Subscription Creation Operation - An operation that creates a
   Subscription Object:  Job Creation operations, Create-Job-
   Subscriptions operation, Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation.  In
   the context of a Job Creation operation, a Subscription Creation
   Operation is the part of the Job Creation operation that creates one
   or more Subscription objects.  The Restart-Job operation [RFC2911] is
   not considered a Subscription Creation Operation, since the Printer
   re-uses the Job's existing Subscription Objects, rather than creating
   any new Subscription Objects.

Subscription Creation Request - The request portion of a Subscription Creation Operation.

Subscription Description Attributes - Subscription Object attributes that a Printer supplies during a Subscription Creation Operation.

   Subscription Object - An object containing a set of attributes that
   indicate:  the Notification Recipient (for Push Delivery Method
   only), the Delivery Method, the Subscribed Events that cause the
   Printer to deliver an Event Notification, and the information to
   include in an Event Notification.

Subscription Template Attributes - Subscription Object attributes that a client can supply in a Subscription Creation Operation and associated Printer Object attributes that specify supported and default values for the Subscription Object attributes.

Subscription Template Attributes Group - The attributes group in a request that contains Subscription Object attributes that are Subscription Template Attributes.

4. Object Relationships

This section defines the object relationships between the Printer, Job, and Subscription Objects. It does not define the implementation. For an illustration of these relationships, see Appendix 19.

4.1. Printer and Per-Printer Subscription Objects

1. A Printer object can be associated with zero or more Per-Printer Subscription Objects.

2. Each Per-Printer Subscription Object is associated with exactly one Printer object.

4.2. Printer, Job and Per-Job Subscription Objects

1. A Printer object is associated with zero or more Job objects.

2. Each Job object is associated with exactly one Printer object.

3. A Job object is associated with zero or more Per-Job Subscription Objects.

4. Each Per-Job Subscription Object is associated with exactly one Job object.

5. Subscription Object

A Subscribing Client creates a Subscription Object with a Subscription Creation Operation in order to indicate its interest in certain Events. See section 11 for a description of these operations. When an Event occurs, the Subscription Object specifies to the Printer where to deliver Event Notifications for Push Delivery Methods only, how to deliver them, and what to include in them. See section 9 for details on the contents of an Event Notification.

Using the IPP Job Template attributes as a model (see [RFC2911] section 4.2), the attributes of a Subscription Object are divided into two categories: Subscription Template Attributes and Subscription Description Attributes.

Subscription Template attributes are, in turn, like the Job Template attributes, divided into

1. Subscription Object attributes that a client can supply in a Subscription Creation Request and

2. their associated Printer Object attributes that specify supported and default values for the Subscription Object attributes

The remainder of this section specifies general rules for Subscription Template Attributes and describes each attribute in a Subscription Object.

5.1. Rules for Support of Subscription Template Attributes

Subscription Template Attributes are fundamental to the Notification model described in this specification. The client supplies these attributes in Subscription Creation Operations and the Printer uses these attributes to populate a newly created Subscription Object.

Subscription Objects attributes that are Subscription Template Attributes conform to the following rules:

1. Each attribute's name starts with the prefix string "notify-" and this document calls such attributes "notify-xxx".

2. For each "notify-xxx" Subscription Object attribute defined in column 1 of Table 1 in section 5.3, Table 1 specifies corresponding Printer attributes: "notify-xxx-default", "notify- xxx-supported", "yyy-supported" and "notify-max-xxx-supported" defined in column 2 of Table 1. Note "xxx" stands for the same string in each case and "yyy" stands for some other string.

3. If a Printer supports "notify-xxx" in column 1 of Table 1, then the Printer MUST support all associated attributes specified in column 2 of Table 1. For example, Table 1 shows that if the Printer supports "notify-events", it MUST support "notify-events- default", "notify-events-supported" and "notify-max-events- supported".

4. If a Printer does not support "notify-xxx" in column 1 of Table 1, then the Printer MUST NOT support any associated "notify-yyy" attributes specified in column 2 of Table 1. For example, Table 1 shows that if the Printer doesn't support "notify-events", it MUST NOT support "notify-events-default", "notify-events-supported" and "notify-max-events-supported". Note this rule does not apply to attributes whose names do not start with the string "notify-" and are thus defined in another object and used by other attributes.

5. Most "notify-xxx" attributes have a corresponding "yyy-supported" attribute that specifies the supported values for "notify-xxx". Column 2 of Table 1 specifies the name of each "yyy-supported" attribute. The naming rules of IPP/1.1 (see [RFC2911]) are used when "yyy-supported" is "notify-xxx-supported".

6. Some "notify-xxx" attributes have a corresponding "notify-xxx- default" attribute that specifies the value for "notify-xxx" if the client does not supply it. Column 2 of Table 1 specifies the name of each "notify-xxx-default" attribute. The naming rules of IPP/1.1 (see [RFC2911]) are used.

If a client wishes to present an end user with a list of supported values from which to choose, the client SHOULD query the Printer for its supported value attributes. The client SHOULD also query the default value attributes. If the client then limits selectable values to only those values that are supported, the client can guarantee that the values supplied by the client in the create request all fall within the set of supported values at the Printer. When querying the Printer, the client MAY enumerate each attribute by name in the Get-Printer-Attributes Request, or the client MAY just supply the 'subscription-template' group name in order to get the complete set of supported attributes (both supported and default attributes - see section 11.2.3).

5.2. Rules for Processing Subscription Template Attributes

This section defines a detailed set of rules that a Printer follows when it processes Subscription Template Attributes in a Subscription Creation Request. These rules are similar to the rules for processing Operation attributes in [RFC2911]. That is, the Printer may or may not support an attribute and a client may or may not supply the attribute. Some combinations of these cases are OK. Others return warnings or errors, and perhaps a list of unsupported attributes.

A Printer MUST implement the following behavior for processing Subscription Template Attributes in a Subscription Creation Request:

1. If a client supplies a "notify-xxx" attribute from column 1 of Table 1 and the Printer supports it and its value, the Printer MUST populate the attribute on the created Subscription Object.

2. If a client supplies a "notify-xxx" attribute from column 1 of Table 1 and the Printer doesn't support it or its value, the Printer MUST NOT populate the attribute on the created Subscription Object with it. The Printer MUST do one of the following:

a) If the value of the "notify-xxx" attribute is unsupported, the

Printer MUST return the attribute with its value in the Subscription Attributes Group of the response.

b) If "notify-xxx" is an unsupported attribute, the Printer MUST

return the attribute in the Subscription Attributes Group of the response with the 'unsupported' out-of-band value.

      Note:  The rules of this step are the same as for Unsupported
      Attributes [RFC2911] section 3.1.7.  except that the unsupported
      attributes are returned in the Subscription Attributes Group

rather than the Unsupported Attributes Group because Subscription Creation Operations can create more than one Subscription Object).

3. If a client is REQUIRED to supply a "notify-xxx" attribute from column 1 of Table 1 and the Printer doesn't support the supplied value, the Printer MUST NOT create a Subscription Object. The rules for Unsupported Attributes in step #2 still apply.

4. If a client does not supply a "notify-xxx" attribute from column 1 of Table 1 and the attribute is REQUIRED for the client to supply, the Printer MUST reject the Subscription Creation Operation (including Job Creation operations) without creating a Subscription Object, and MUST return in the response:

      a) the status code 'client-error-bad-request' AND

b) no Subscription Attribute Groups.

5. If a client does not supply a "notify-xxx" attribute from column 1 of Table 1 that is OPTIONAL for the client to supply, and column 2 of Table 1 either:

a) specifies a "notify-xxx-default" attribute, the Printer MUST

behave as if the client had supplied the "notify-xxx-default" attribute (see step #1) and populate the Subscription object with the value of the "notify-xxx-default" attribute as part of the Subscription Creation operation (unlike Job Template attributes where the Printer does not populate the Job object with defaults - see [RFC2911]) OR

b) does not specify a "notify-xxx-default" attribute, the Printer

MUST populate the "notify-xxx" attribute on the Subscription Object according to the definition of the "notify-xxx" attribute in a section 5.3. For some attributes, the "notify- xxx" is populated with the value of some other attribute, and for others, the "notify-xxx" is NOT populated on the Subscription object at all.

6. A Printer MUST create a Subscription Object for each Subscription Template Attributes group in a request unless the Printer:

a) encounters some attributes in a Subscription Template

Attributes Group that require the Printer not to create the Subscription Object OR

b) would create a Per-Job Subscription Object when it doesn't have

space for another Per-Job Subscription Object OR

c) would create a Per-Printer Subscription Object when it doesn't

have space for another Per-Printer Subscription Object.

7. A response MUST contain one Subscription Attributes Group for each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the request (and in the same order) whether the Printer creates a Subscription Object from the Subscription Template Attributes Group or not. However, the attributes in each Subscription Attributes Group can be in any order.

8. The Printer MUST populate each Subscription Attributes Group of the response such that each contains:

      a) the "notify-subscription-id" attribute (see section 5.4.1), if
         and only if the Printer creates a Subscription Object.
      
      b) the "notify-lease-duration" attribute (see section 5.3.8), if
         and only if the Printer creates a Per-Printer Subscription
         Object.  The value of this attribute is the value of the
         Subscription Object's "notify-lease-duration" attribute.  This
         value MAY be different from the client-supplied value (see
         section 5.3.8).  If a client supplies this attribute in the
         creation of a Per-Job Subscription Object, it MUST appear in
         this group with the out-of-band value 'unsupported' to indicate
         that the Printer doesn't support it in this context.

c) all of the unsupported Subscription Template Attributes from

step #2. Note, they are not returned in the Unsupported

Attributes Group in order to separate the unsupported

attributes for each Subscription Object.

d) the "notify-status-code" attribute if the Printer does not

create the Subscription Object or if there are unsupported attributes from step #2. The possible values of the "notify- status-code" attribute are shown below (see section 13 for more details). The Printer returns the first value in the list below that describes the status.

         'client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported':  the Subscription
            Object was not created because the scheme of the "notify-
            recipient-uri" attribute is not supported.  See section 13.1
            for more details about this status code.  See step #3 in
            this section for the case that causes this error, and the
            resulting step #6a) that causes the Printer not to create
            the Subscription Object.
         
         'client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported':  the
            Subscription Object was not created because the method of
            the "notify-pull-method" attribute is not supported.  See
            section 13.1 for more details about this status code.  See
            step #3 in this section for the case that causes this error,
            and the resulting step #6a) that causes the Printer not to
            create the Subscription Object.
         
         'client-error-too-many-subscriptions':  the Subscription
            Object was not created because the Printer has no space for
            additional Subscription Objects.  The client MAY try again
            later.  See section 13.3 for more details about this status
            code.  See steps #6b) and #6c) in this section for the cases
            that causes this error.
         
         'successful-ok-too-many-events':  the Subscription Object was
            created without the "notify-events" values included in this
            Subscription Attributes Group because the "notify-events"
            attribute contains too many values.  See section 13.4 for
            more details about this status code.  See step #2 in this
            section and section 5.3.3 for the cases that cause this
            status code.
         
         'successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes':  the
            Subscription Object was created but some supplied
            Subscription Template Attributes are unsupported.  These
            unsupported attributes are also in the Subscription
            Attributes Group.  See section 13.5 for more details about
            this status code.  See step #2 in this section for the cases
            that cause this status code.

9. The Printer MUST validate all Subscription Template Attributes and MUST return all unsupported attributes and values in the corresponding Subscription Attributes Group of the response (see step #2) unless it determines that it could not create additional Subscription Objects because of condition #6b) or condition #6c). Then, the Printer NEED NOT validate these additional Subscription Template Attributes and the client MUST NOT expect to find unsupported attributes from step #2 in such additional Subscription Attribute Groups.

5.3. Subscription Template Attributes

This section contains the Subscription Template Attributes defined for the Subscription and Printer objects.

Table 1 below shows the Subscription Template Attributes and has two columns:

• Attribute in Subscription Object: the name and attribute syntax of each Subscription Object Attribute that is a Subscription Template Attribute

• Default and Supported Printer Attributes: the default attribute and supported Printer attributes that are associated with the attribute in column 1.

The "notify-recipient-uri" attribute is for use with Push Delivery Methods. The "notify-pull-method" attribute is for use with Pull Delivery Methods.

For Push Delivery Methods, a Printer MUST support all attributes in Table 1 below except for "notify-pull-method" and "notify-attributes" (and "notify-pull-method-supported" and "notify-attributes- supported"). For Pull Delivery Methods, a Printer MUST support all attributes in Table 1 below except for "notify-recipient-uri" and "notify-attributes" (and "notify-schemes-supported" and "notify- attributes-supported"). If a Printer supports both Push and Pull Delivery Methods, then it MUST support both "notify-recipient-uri" and "notify-pull-method" attributes.

For Pull Delivery Methods, a client MUST supply "notify-recipient- uri" and MAY omit any of the rest of the attributes in column 1 of Table 1 in a Subscription Creation Request. For Push Delivery Methods, a client MUST supply "notify-pull-method" and MAY omit any of the rest of the attributes in column 1 of Table 1 in a Subscription Creation Request. A client MUST NOT supply both "notify-recipient-uri" and "notify-pull-method" attributes in the same Subscription Creation Request.

   Note:  The Default and Supported Printer attributes listed in column
   2 of Table 1 do not have separate sections in this specification
   defining their semantics.  Instead, the section for the corresponding
   Subscription Object attribute (column 1 of Table 1) contains the
   semantics of these Printer attributes.  This approach follows the
   precedence of the Job Template attributes in section 4.2 of [RFC2911]
   where the corresponding "xxx-default" and "xxx-supported" Printer
   attributes are defined in the same section as the "xxx" Job
   attribute.

Table 1 - Subscription Template Attributes

   Attribute in Subscription     Default and Supported Printer
   Object                        Attributes
   
   notify-recipient-uri (uri) *  notify-schemes-supported  (1setOf
                                 uriScheme)
   notify-pull-method (type2     notify-pull-method-supported (1setOf
   keyword) **                   type2 keyword)
   notify-events (1setOf type2   notify-events-default (1setOf type2
   keyword)                      keyword)
                                 notify-events-supported (1setOf type2
                                 keyword)
                                 notify-max-events-supported
                                 (integer(2:MAX))
   
   notify-attributes (1setOf     notify-attributes-supported (1setOf
   type2 keyword)                type2 keyword)
   notify-user-data
   (octetString(63))
   notify-charset (charset)      charset-supported (1setOf charset)
   notify-natural-language       generated-natural-language-supported
   (naturalLanguage)             (1setOf naturalLanguage)
   notify-lease-duration         notify-lease-duration-default
   (integer(0:MAX))              (integer(0:67108863))
                                 notify-lease-duration-supported
                                 (1setOf (integer(0: 67108863) |
                                 rangeOfInteger(0:67108863)))
   notify-time-interval
   (integer(0:MAX))

* "notify-recipient-uri" is for Push Delivery Methods only. ** "notify-pull-method" is for Pull Delivery Methods only.

5.3.1. notify-recipient-uri (uri)

This attribute's value is a URL, which is a special case of a URI. Its value consists of a scheme and an address. The address specifies the Notification Recipient and the scheme specifies the Push Delivery Method for each Event Notification associated with this Subscription Object.

If a Printer supports any Push Delivery Methods, a Printer MUST support this attribute and return the value as supplied by the client (no case conversion or other canonicalization) in any operation response that includes this attribute.

For a Push Delivery Method, a client MUST supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. Thus there is no need for a default Printer attribute.

The URI scheme of the value of this attribute on a Subscription object MUST be a value of the "notify-schemes-supported (1setOf uriScheme)" Printer attribute (see section 5.3.1.1). Note: According to [RFC2396] the ":" terminates the scheme and so is not part of the scheme. Therefore, values of the "notify-schemes-supported" Printer attribute do not include the ":" character.

If the client supplies an unsupported scheme in the value of this attribute, then the Printer MUST NOT create the Subscription Object and MUST return the "notify-status-code" attribute with the 'client- error-uri-scheme-not-supported' value in the Subscription Attributes Group in the response.

5.3.1.1. notify-schemes-supported (1setOf uriScheme)

This attribute contains the URI schemes supported in the "notify- recipient-uri" Subscription Template attribute. See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.2. notify-pull-method (type2 keyword)

This attribute's value is a type2 keyword indicating which Pull Delivery Method is to be used.

Since a Printer MUST support the 'ippget' Pull Delivery Method [RFC3996] (see section 15), a Printer MUST support this attribute and return the value as supplied by the client in any operation response that includes this attribute.

For a Pull Delivery Method, a client MUST supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. Thus there is no need for a default Printer attribute.

The keyword value of this attribute on a Subscription object MUST be a value of the "notify-pull-method-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)" Printer attribute.

If the client supplies an unsupported method in the value of this attribute, then the Printer MUST NOT create the Subscription Object and MUST return the "notify-status-code" attribute with the 'client- error-attributes-or-values-not-supported' value in the Subscription Attributes Group in the response.

5.3.2.1. notify-pull-method-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.3. notify-events (1setOf type2 keyword)

This attribute contains a set of Subscribed Events. When an Event occurs and it "matches" a value of this attribute, the Printer delivers an Event Notification using information in the Subscription Object. The details of "matching" are described subsection 5.3.3.5.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in Subscription Creation Operation, the Printer MUST populate this attribute on the Subscription Object with its "notify-events-default" attribute value.

   Each keyword value of this attribute on a Subscription Object MUST be
   a value of the  "notify-events-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)"
   Printer attribute.

The number of values of this attribute MUST NOT exceed the value of the "notify-max-events-supported" attribute. A Printer MUST support at least 2 values per Subscription Object. If the number of values supplied by a client in a Subscription Creation Operation exceeds the value of this attribute, the Printer MUST treat extra values as unsupported values and MUST use the value of 'successful-ok-too- many-events' for the "notify-status-code" attribute in the Subscription Attributes Group of the response.

5.3.3.1. notify-events-default (1setOf type2 keyword)

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-default" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.3.2. notify-events-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.3.3. notify-max-events-supported (integer(2:MAX))

This attribute specified the maximum number of events that the Printer supports for the "notify-events" Subscription Template attribute. See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx- supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.3.4. Standard Values for Subscribed Events

Each value of this attribute is a keyword and it specifies a Subscribed Event that represents certain changes. Some keywords represent a subset of changes of another keyword, e.g., 'job- completed' is an Event value which is a sub-value of 'job-state- change'. See section 5.3.3.5 for the case where this attribute contains both a value and a sub-value.

The values in this section are divided into three categories: No Events, Job Events and Printer Events.

A Printer MUST support the Events indicated as "REQUIRED" and MAY support the Events indicated as "OPTIONAL".

5.3.3.4.1. No Events

The standard and only keyword value for No Events is:

   'none':  REQUIRED - no Event Notifications for any Events.  As the
      sole value of "notify-events-supported", this value means that the
      Printer does not support the delivery of Event Notifications.  As
      the sole value of "notify-events-default", this value means that a
      client MUST specify the "notify-events" attribute in order for a
      Subscription Creation Operation to succeed.  If the Printer
      receives this value as the sole value of a Subscription Creation
      Operation, it does not create a Subscription Object.  If a Printer
      receives this value with other values of a Subscription Creation
      Operation, the Printer MUST treat this value as an unsupported
      value.

5.3.3.4.2. Subscribed Printer Events

The standard keyword values for Subscribed Printer Events are:

   'printer-state-changed':  REQUIRED - the Printer changed state from
      any state to any other state.  Specifically, the value of the
      Printer's "printer-state", "printer-state-reasons" or "printer-
      is-accepting-jobs" attributes changed.

This Subscribed Event value has the following sub-values: 'printer-restarted' and 'printer-shutdown'. A client can listen for any of these sub-values if it doesn't want to listen to all printer-state changes:

         'printer-restarted':  OPTIONAL - when the printer is powered
            up.
         
         'printer-shutdown':  OPTIONAL - when the device is being
            powered down.
         
         'printer-stopped:  REQUIRED - when the printer stops printing,
            i.e., the value of the "printer-state" Printer attribute
            becomes 'stopped'.
   
   'printer-config-changed':  OPTIONAL - when the configuration of a
      Printer has changed, i.e., the value of the "printer-message-
      from-operator" or any "configuration" Printer attribute has
      changed.  A "configuration" Printer attribute is an attribute
      which can change value because of some human interaction either
      direct or indirect, and which is not covered by one of the other
      Events in this section.  Examples of "configuration" Printer
      attributes are any of the Job Template attributes, such as "xxx-
      supported", "xxx-ready" and "xxx-default".  The client has to
      perform a Get-Printer-Attributes to find out the new values of
      these changed attributes.  This Event is useful for GUI clients
      and drivers to update the available printer capabilities to the
      user.

This Event value has the following sub-values: 'printer-media- changed' and 'printer-finishings-changed'. A client can listen for any of these sub-values if it doesn't want to listen to all printer-configuration changes:

         'printer-media-changed':  OPTIONAL - when the media loaded on
            a printer has been changed, i.e., the "media-ready"
            attribute has changed.  This Event includes two cases: an
            input tray that goes empty and an input tray that receives
            additional media of the same type or of a different type.
            The client must check the "media-ready" Printer attribute
            (see [RFC2911] section 4.2.11) separately to find out what
            changed.
         
         'printer-finishings-changed':  OPTIONAL - when the finisher on
            a printer has been changed, i.e., the "finishings-ready"
            attribute has changed.  This Event includes two cases: a
            finisher that goes empty and a finisher that is refilled
            (even if it is not full).  The client must check the

"finishings-ready" Printer attribute separately to find out what changed.

   'printer-queue-order-changed': OPTIONAL - the order of jobs in the
   
      Printer's queue has changed, so that an application that is
      monitoring the queue can perform a Get-Jobs operation to determine
      the new order.  This Event does not include when a job enters the
      queue (the 'job-created' Event covers that) and does not include
      when a job leaves the queue (the 'job-completed' Event covers
      that).

5.3.3.4.3. Subscribed Job Events

The standard keyword values for Subscribed Job Events are:

   'job-state-changed':  REQUIRED - the job has changed from any state
      to any other state.  Specifically, the Printer delivers this Event
      whenever the value of the "job-state" attribute or "job-state-
      reasons" attribute changes.  When a Job is removed from the Job
      Retention or Job History phases (see [RFC2911] section 4.3.7.1),
      no Event is generated.

This Event value has the following sub-values: 'job-created', 'job-completed' and 'job-stopped'. A client can listen for any of these sub-values if it doesn't want to listen to all 'job-state changes'.

      'job-created':  REQUIRED - the Printer has accepted a Job
         Creation operation, a Restart-Job operation [RFC2911], or any
         job operation that creates a Job object from an existing Job
         object.  The Printer populates the job's "time-at-creation"
         attribute value (see [RFC2911] section 4.3.14.1).  The Printer
         puts the job in the 'pending', 'pending-held' or 'processing'
         states.
      
      'job-completed':  REQUIRED - the job has reached one of the
         completed states, i.e., the value of the job's "job-state"
         attribute has changed to: 'completed', 'aborted', or
         'canceled'.  The Job's "time-at-completed" and "date-time-at-
         completed" (if supported) attributes are set (see [RFC2911]
         section 4.3.14).  When a Job completes, a Notification
         Recipient MAY query the Job using the Get-Job-Attributes
         operation.  To allow such a query, the Printer retains the Job
         in the Job Retention and/or the Job History phases (see
         [RFC2911] section 4.3.7.1) for a suitable amount of time that
         depends on implementation and the Delivery Methods supported.
         The Printer also delivers this Event when a Job is removed with
         the Purge-Job operation (see [RFC2911] section 3.2.9).  In this

case, the Event Notification MUST report the 'job-state' as 'canceled' and the Job object is no longer present for query.

      'job-stopped:  OPTIONAL - when the job stops printing, i.e.,
         the value of the "job-state" Job attribute becomes
         'processing-stopped'.
   
   'job-config-changed':  OPTIONAL - when the configuration of a job has
      changed, i.e., the value of the "job-message-from-operator" or any
      of the "configuration" Job attributes have changed.  A
      "configuration" Job attribute is an attribute that can change
      value because of some human interaction either direct or indirect.
      Examples of "configuration" Job attributes are any of the job
      template attributes and the "job-name" attribute.  The client
      performs a Get-Job-Attributes to find out the new values of the
      changed attributes.  This Event is useful for GUI clients and
      drivers to update the job information to the user.

'job-progress': OPTIONAL - when the Printer has completed Printing a

sheet. See the separate [RFC3381] specification for additional attributes that a Printer MAY deliver in an Event Notification caused by this Event. The "notify-time-interval" attribute affects this Event by causing the Printer NOT to deliver an Event Notification every time a 'job-progress' Events occurs. See section 5.3.9 for full details.

5.3.3.5. Rules for Matching of Subscribed Events

When an Event occurs, the Printer MUST find each Subscription object whose "notify-events" attribute "matches" the Event. The rules for "matching" of Subscribed Events are described separately for Printer Events and for Job Events. This section also describes some special cases.

5.3.3.5.1. Rules for Matching of Printer Events

Given that the Printer causes Printer Event E to occur, for each Per-Job or Per-Printer Subscription S in the Printer, if E equals a value of this attribute in S or E is a sub-value of a value of this attribute in S, the Printer MUST generate an Event Notification.

Consider the example. There are three Subscription Objects each with the Subscribed Printer Event 'printer-state-changed'. Subscription Object A is a Per-Printer Subscription Object. Subscription Object B is a Per-Job Subscription Object for Job 1, and Subscription Object C is a Per-Job Subscription Object for Job 2. When the Printer enters the 'stopped' state, the Printer delivers an Event Notification to the Notification Recipients of Subscription Objects A, B, and C because this is a Printer Event. Note if Job 1 has already completed, the Printer would not deliver an Event Notification for its Subscription Object, even if Job 1 is retained in the Job Retention and/or the Job History phases (see [RFC2911] section 4.3.7.1).

5.3.3.5.2. Rules for Matching of Job Events

Given that Job J causes Job Event E to occur:

1. For each Per-Printer Subscription S in the Printer, if E equals a value of this attribute in S or E is a sub-value of a value of this attribute in S, the Printer MUST generate an Event Notification.

2. For each Per-Job Subscription S associated with Job J, if E equals a value of this attribute in S or E is a sub-value of a value of this attribute in S, the Printer MUST generate an Event Notification.

3. For each Per-Job Subscription S that is NOT associated Job J, if E equals a value of this attribute in S or E is a sub-value of a value of this attribute in, the Printer MUST NOT generate an Event Notification from S.

Consider the example: There are three Subscription Objects listening for the Job Event 'job-completed'. Subscription Object A is a Per- Printer Subscription Object. Subscription Object B is a Per-Job Subscription Object for Job 1, and Subscription Object C is a Per-Job Subscription Object for Job 2. In addition, Per-Printer Subscription Object D is listening for the Job Event 'job-state-changed'. When Job 1 completes, the Printer delivers an Event Notification to the Notification Recipient of Subscription Object A (because it is Per- Printer) and Subscription Object B because it is a Per-Job Subscription Object associated with the Job generating the Event. The Printer also delivers an Event Notification to the Notification Recipient of Subscription Object D because 'job-completed' is a sub- value of 'job-state-changed' - the value that Subscription Object D is listening for. The Printer does not deliver an Event Notification to the Notification Recipients of Subscription Object C because it is a Per-Job Subscription Object associated with some Job other than the Job generating the Event.

5.3.3.5.3. Special Cases for Matching Rules

This section contains two rules for the special case where a single Event produces multiple Event Notifications destined for the same Notification Recipient. These two rules clarify whether a Printer should send multiple Event Notifications or consolidate them into a single Event Notification.

If an Event matches Subscribed Events in two different Subscription Objects and the Printer would deliver two identical Event Notifications (except for the "notify-subscription-id" attribute) to the same Notification Recipient using the same Delivery Method, the Printer MUST deliver both Event Notifications. That is, the Printer MUST NOT try to consolidate seemingly identical Event Notifications that occur in separate Subscription objects. Incidentally, the Printer MUST NOT reject Subscription Creation Operations that would create this scenario.

   Consider the example: At the time a Job completes, there are two
   Per-Printer Subscription Objects A and B with the same Notification
   Recipient R.  Subscription Object A has the Subscribed Job Event
   'job-state-changed'.  Subscription Object B has the Subscribed Job
   Event 'job-completed'.  Both Subscription Objects match the Event
   'job-completed'.  The Printer delivers two Event Notifications to the
   Notification Recipient R.  One with the value of  'job-state-changed'
   for the "notify-subscribed-event" attribute and the other with the
   value of  'job-completed' for the "notify-subscribed-event"
   attribute.

If an Event matches two Subscribed Events in a single Subscription object (e.g., a value and its sub-value), a Printer MAY deliver one Event Notification for each matched value in the Subscription Object or it MAY deliver only a single Event Notification. The rules in sections 5.3.3.5.1 and 5.3.3.5.2 are purposefully flexible about the number of Event Notifications sent when Event E matches two or more values in a Subscription Object.

   Consider the example: At the time a Job completes, a Subscription
   Object A has two Subscribed Job Events 'job-state-changed' and 'job-
   completed'.  Both Subscribed Job Events match the Event 'job-
   completed'.  The Printer delivers either one or two Event
   Notifications to the Notification Recipient of Subscription Object A,
   depending on implementation.  If it delivers two Event Notifications,
   one has the value of  'job-state-changed' for the "notify-
   subscribed-event" attribute, and the other has the value of 'job-
   completed' for the "notify-subscribed-event" attribute.  If it
   delivers one Event Notification, it has the value of either 'job-
   state-changed' or 'job-completed' for the "notify-subscribed-event"
   attribute, depending on implementation.  The algorithm for choosing
   such a value is implementation dependent.

5.3.4. notify-attributes (1setOf type2 keyword)

This attribute contains a set of attribute names. When a Printer delivers a Machine Consumable Event Notification, it includes a fixed set of attributes (see section 9.1). If this attribute is present and the Event Notification is Machine Consumable, the Printer also includes the attributes specified by this attribute.

A Printer MAY support this attribute.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in Subscription Creation Operation or the Printer does not support this attribute, the Subscription Object either (1) MAY contain the "notify-attributes" attribute with a 'none' value or (2) NEED NOT contain the attribute at all. There is no "notify-attributes- default" Printer attribute.

Each keyword value of this attribute on a Subscription Object MUST be a value of the "notify-attributes-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)" Printer attribute (see section 5.3.4.1). The "notify-attributes- supported" MAY contain any Printer attribute, Job attribute or Subscription Object attribute that the Printer supports in an Event Notification. It MUST NOT contain any of the attributes in Section 9.1 that a Printer automatically puts in an Event Notification; it would be redundant. If a client supplies an attribute in Section 9.1, the Printer MUST treat it as an unsupported attribute value of the "notify-attributes" attribute.

The following rules apply to each keyword value N of the "notify- attributes" attribute: If the value N names:

a) a Subscription attribute, the Printer MUST use the attribute N in

the Subscription Object that is being used to generate the Event Notification.

b) a Job attribute and the Printer is generating an Event

Notification from a Per-Job Subscription Object S, the Printer MUST use the attribute N in the Job object associated with S.

c) a Job attribute and the Printer is generating an Event

Notification from a Per-Printer Subscription Object and the Event is:

• a Job Event, the Printer MUST use the attribute N in the Job object that caused the Event.

• a Printer Event, the Printer MUST use the attribute N in the active Job.

If a Printer supports this attribute and a Subscription Object contains this attribute and the Delivery Method generates a Machine Consumable Event Notification, the Printer MUST include in each Event Notification:

a) the attributes specified in section 9.1 and

b) each attribute named by this attribute.

The Printer MUST NOT use this attribute to generate a Human Consumable Event Notification.

5.3.4.1. notify-attributes-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.5. notify-user-data (octetString(63))

This attribute contains opaque data that some Delivery Methods include in each Machine Consumable Event Notification. The opaque data might contain, for example:

• the identity of the Subscriber

• a path or index to some Subscriber information

• a key that identifies to the Notification Recipient the ultimate recipient of the Event Notification

• the id for a Notification Recipient that had previously registered with an Instant Messaging Service

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in the Subscription Creation Operation, the Subscription Object either (1) MAY contain the "notify-user-data" attribute with a zero length value or (2) NEED NOT contain the attribute at all. There is no "notify- user-data-default" Printer attribute.

There is no "notify-user-data-supported" Printer attribute. Rather, any octetString whose length does not exceed 63 octets is a supported value. If the length exceeds 63 octets, the Printer MUST treat it as an unsupported value.

5.3.6. notify-charset (charset)

This attribute specifies the charset to be used in the Event Notification content sent to the Notification Recipient, whether the Event Notification content is Machine Consumable or Human Consumable.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in Subscription Creation Operation or supplies an unsupported value, the Printer MUST populate this attribute in the Subscription Object with the value of the "attributes-charset" operation attribute, which is a REQUIRED attribute in all IPP requests (see [RFC2911]). If the value of the "attributes-charset" attribute is unsupported, the Printer MUST populate this attribute in the Subscription Object with the value of the Printer's "charset-configured" attribute. There is no "notify-charset-default" Printer attribute.

The value of this attribute on a Subscription Object MUST be a value of the "charset-supported (1setOf charset)" Printer attribute.

5.3.7. notify-natural-language (naturalLanguage)

This attribute specifies the natural language to be used in any human consumable text in the Event Notification content sent to the Notification Recipient, whether the Event Notification content is Machine Consumable or Human Consumable.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in Subscription Creation Operation or supplies an unsupported value, the Printer MUST populate this attribute in the Subscription Object with the value of the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute, which is a REQUIRED attribute in all IPP requests (see [RFC2911] section 3.1.4). If the value of the "attributes-natural-language" attribute is unsupported, the Printer MUST populate this attribute in the Subscription Object with the value of the Printer's "natural- language-configured" attribute (see [RFC2911] section 4.4.19). There is no "notify-natural-language-default" Printer attribute.

The value of this attribute on a Subscription Object MUST be a value of the "generated-natural-language-supported (1setOf type2 naturalLanguage)" Printer attribute (see [RFC2911] section 4.4.20).

5.3.8. notify-lease-duration (integer(0:67108863))

This attribute specifies the duration of the lease (in seconds) associated with the Per-Printer Subscription Object at the time the Subscription Object was created or the lease was renewed. The duration of the lease is infinite if the value is 0, i.e., the lease never expires. See section 5.4.3 on "notify-lease-expiration-time (integer(0:MAX))" for more details.

This attribute is not present on a Per-Job Subscription Object because the Subscription Object lasts exactly as long as the associated Job object. See discussion of the 'job-completed' event in section 5.3.3.4.3 about retention of the Job object after completion.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

For a Subscription Object Creation operation of a Per-Job Subscription Object, the client MUST NOT supply this attribute. If the client does supply this attribute, the Printer MUST treat it as an unsupported attribute.

For a Subscription Creation Operation of a Per-Printer Subscription Object or a Renew-Subscription operation, a client MAY supply this attribute. If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer MUST populate this attribute with its "notify-lease-duration-default" (0:67108863) attribute value. If the client supplies this attribute with an unsupported value, the Printer MUST populate this attribute with a supported value, and this value SHOULD be as close as possible to the value requested by the client. Note: this rule implies that a Printer doesn't assign the value of 0 (infinite) unless the client requests it.

After the Printer has populated this attribute with a supported value, the value represents the "granted duration" of the lease in seconds and the Printer updates the value of the Subscription Object's "notify-lease-expiration-time" attribute as specified in section 5.4.3.

The value of this attribute on a Subscription Object MUST be a value of the "notify-lease-duration-supported" (1setOf (integer(0:67108863) | rangeOfInteger(0:67108863))) Printer attribute.

A Printer MAY require authentication in order to return the value of 0 (the lease never expires) as one of the values of "notify-lease- duration-supported", and to allow 0 as a value of the "notify-lease- duration" attribute.

   Note:  The maximum value 67,108,863 is 2 raised to the 26 power minus
   1 and is about 2 years in seconds.  The value is considerably less
   than MAX so that there is virtually no chance of an overflow when the
   Printer adds it to the Printer's "printer-up-time" attribute value
   (see [RFC2911] section 4.4.29) to produce the "notify-lease-
   expiration-time" Subscription Description attribute value (see
   section 5.4.3).

5.3.8.1. notify-lease-duration-default (integer(0:67108863))

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-default" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.8.2. notify-lease-duration-supported (1setOf (integer(0: 67108863) |

rangeOfInteger(0:67108863)))

See sections 5.1 and 5.2 for the behavior of "xxx-supported" Subscription Template Printer attributes.

5.3.9. notify-time-interval (integer(0:MAX))

The 'job-progress' Event occurs each time that a Printer completes a sheet. Some Notification Recipients do not want to receive an Event Notification every time this Event occurs. This attribute allows a Subscribing Client to request how often it wants to receive Event Notifications for 'job-progress' Events. The value of this attribute MAY be any nonnegative integer (0,MAX) indicating the minimum number of seconds between 'job-progress' Event Notifications.

The Printer MUST support this attribute if and only if the Printer supports the 'job-progress' Event.

A client MAY supply this attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation. If the client does not supply this attribute in the Subscription Creation Operation, the Subscription Object either (1) MAY contain the "notify-time-interval" attribute with a '0' value or (2) NEED NOT contain this attribute at all. There is no "notify- time-interval-default" Printer attribute.

There is no "notify-time-interval-supported" Printer attribute.

If the 'job-progress' Event occurs and a Subscription Object contains the 'job-progress' Event as a value of the 'notify-events' attribute, there are two cases to consider:

1. This attribute is not present on the Subscription Object or has the value of 0. The Printer MUST generate and deliver an Event Notification (as is the case with other Events).

2. This attribute is present with a nonzero value of N:

a) If the Printer has not sent an Event Notification for the

'job-progress' Event for the associated Subscription Object within the past N seconds, the Printer MUST deliver an Event Notification for the Event that just occurred. Note when the Printer completes the first page of a Job, this rule implies that the Printer delivers an Event Notification for a Per-Job Subscription Object.

b) Otherwise, the Printer MUST NOT generate or deliver an Event

Notification for the associated Subscription Object. The Printer MUST NOT increase the value of the "notify-sequence- number" Subscription Object attribute (i.e., the sequence of values of the "notify-sequence-number" attribute counts the Event Notifications that the Printer sent and not the Events that do not cause an Event Notification to be sent).

It is RECOMMENDED that a Subscribing Client use this attribute when it subscribes to the 'job-progress' Event, and that the value be sufficiently large to limit the frequency with which the Printer delivers Event Notifications requests.

This attribute MUST NOT effect any Events other than 'job-progress'.

5.4. Subscription Description Attributes

Subscription Description Attributes are those attributes that a Printer adds to a Subscription Object at the time of its creation.

A Printer MUST support all attributes in this Table 2.

A client MUST NOT supply the attributes in Table 2 in a Subscription Template Attributes Group of a Subscription Creation Operation. There are no corresponding default or supported attributes.

Table 2 - Subscription Description Attributes

Subscription Object attributes:

      notify-subscription-id (integer(1:MAX))
      notify-sequence-number (integer(0:MAX))
      notify-lease-expiration-time (integer(0:MAX))
      notify-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX))
      notify-printer-uri (uri)
      notify-job-id (integer(1:MAX))
      notify-subscriber-user-name (name(MAX))

5.4.1. notify-subscription-id (integer (1:MAX))

This attribute identifies a Subscription Object instance with a number that is unique within the context of the Printer. The Printer generates this value at the time it creates the Subscription Object.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

The Printer MAY assign the value of this attribute sequentially as it creates Subscription Objects. However, if there is no security on Subscription objects, sequential assignment exposes the system to a passive traffic monitoring threat.

The Printer SHOULD avoid re-using recent values of this attribute during continuous operation of the Printer as well as across power cycles. Then a Subscribing Client is unlikely to find that a stale reference accesses a new Subscription Object.

The 0 value is not permitted in order to allow for compatibility with "job-id" and with MIB table index values, which are recommended not to be 0.

5.4.2. notify-sequence-number (integer (0:MAX))

The value of this attribute indicates the number of times that the Printer has generated and attempted to deliver an Event Notification for this Subscription object. When an Event Notification contains this attribute, the Notification Recipient can determine whether it missed some Event Notifications (i.e., numbers skipped) or received duplicates (i.e., same number twice).

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

When the Printer creates a Subscription Object, it MUST populate this attribute with a value of 0. This value indicates that the Printer has not sent any Event Notifications for this Subscription Object.

Each time the Printer delivers a newly generated Event Notification, it MUST increase the value of this attribute by 1. For some Delivery Methods, the Printer MUST include this attribute in each Event Notification, and the value MUST be the value after it is increased by 1. That is, the value of this attribute in the first Event Notification after Subscription object creation MUST be 1, the second MUST be 2, etc. If a Delivery Method is defined such that the Notification Recipient returns a response, the Printer can re-try delivering an Event Notification a certain number of times with the same sequence number when the Notification Recipient fails to return a response.

If a Subscription Object lasts long enough to reach the value of MAX, its next value MUST be 0, i.e., it wraps.

5.4.3. notify-lease-expiration-time (integer(0:MAX))

This attribute specifies the time in the future when the lease on the Per-Printer Subscription Object will expire, i.e., the "printer-up- time" value at which the lease will expire. If the value is 0, the lease never expires.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

When the Printer creates a Per-Job Subscription Object, this attribute MUST NOT be present - the Subscription Object lasts exactly as long as the associated Job object. See also the discussion of the 'job-completed' event in section 5.3.3.4.3 about retention of the Job object after completion so that a Notification Recipient can query the Job object after receiving the 'job-completed' Event Notification.

When the Printer creates a Per-Printer Subscription Object, it populates this attribute with a value that is the sum of the values of the Printer's "printer-up-time" attribute and the Subscription Object's "notify-lease-duration" attribute with the following exception. If the value of the Subscription Object's "notify-lease- duration" attribute is 0 (i.e., no expiration time), then the value of this attribute MUST be set to 0 (i.e., no expiration time).

When the Printer powers up, it MUST populate this attribute in each persistent Subscription Object with a value using the algorithm in the previous paragraph.

When the "printer-up-time" equals the value of this attribute, the Printer MUST delete the Subscription Object. A client can extend a lease of a Per-Printer Subscription Object with the Renew- Subscription operation (see section 11.2.6).

Note: In order to compute the number of seconds remaining in a lease for a Per-Printer Subscription Object, a client can subtract the Subscription's "notify-printer-up-time" attribute (see section 5.4.4) from the Subscription's "notify-lease-expiration-time" attribute.

5.4.4. notify-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX))

This attribute is an alias for the Printer's "printer-up-time" attribute " (see [RFC2911] section 4.4.29). In other words, when this attribute is queried with the Get-Subscriptions or Get- Subscription-Attributes operations (see sections 11.2.4 and 11.2.5), the value returned is the current value of the Printer's "printer- up-time" attribute, rather than the time at which the Subscription Object was created.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

When the Printer creates a Per-Job Subscription Object, this attribute MUST NOT be present. When the Printer creates a Per- Printer Subscription Object, this attribute MUST be present.

Note: this attribute exists in a Per-Printer Subscription Object so that a client using the Get-Subscription-Attributes or Get- Subscription operations can convert the Per-Printer Subscription's "notify-lease-expiration-time" attribute to wall clock time with one request. If the value of the "notify-lease-expiration-time" attribute is not 0 (i.e., no expiration time), then the difference between the "notify-lease-expiration-time" attribute and the "notify-printer-up-time" is the remaining number of seconds on the lease from the current time.

5.4.5. notify-printer-uri (uri)

This attribute identifies the Printer object that created this Subscription Object.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

During a Subscription Creation Operation, the Printer MUST populate this attribute with the value of the "printer-uri" operation attribute in the request. From the Printer URI, the client can, for example, determine what security scheme was used.

5.4.6. notify-job-id (integer(1:MAX))

This attribute specifies whether the containing Subscription Object is a Per-Job or Per-Printer Subscription Object, and for Per-Job Subscription Objects, it specifies the associated Job.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

If this attribute is not present, the Subscription Object MUST be a Per-Printer Subscription. If this attribute is present, the Subscription Object MUST be a Per-Job Subscription Object and this attribute MUST identify the Job with which the Subscription Object is associated.

Note: This attribute could be useful to a Notification Recipient that receives an Event Notification generated from a Per-Job Subscription Object and caused by a Printer Event. The Event Notification gives access to the Printer and the Subscription Object. The Event Notification gives access to the associated Job only via this attribute. See discussion of the 'job-completed' event in section 5.3.3.4.3 about retention of the Job object after completion so that a Notification Recipient can query the Job object after receiving the 'job-completed' Event Notification.

5.4.7. notify-subscriber-user-name (name(MAX))

This attribute contains the name of the user who performed the Subscription Creation Operation.

A Printer MUST support this attribute.

The Printer MUST populates this attribute with the most authenticated printable name that it can obtain from the authentication service over which the Subscription Creation Operation was received. The Printer uses the same mechanism for determining the value of this attribute as it does for a Job's "job-originating-user-name" (see [RFC2911] section 4.3.6).

   Note:  To help with authentication, a Subscription Object may have
   additional private attributes about the user, e.g., a credential of a
   principal.  Such private attributes are implementation-dependent and
   not defined in this document.

6. Printer Description Attributes Related to Notification

This section defines the Printer Description attributes that are related to Notification. Table 3 lists the Printer Description attributes, indicates the Printer support required for conformance, and whether or not the attribute is READ-ONLY (see section 3.1):

Table 3 - Printer Description Attributes Associated with Notification

   Printer object attributes:                   REQUIRED     READ-ONLY
   
   printer-state-change-time (integer(1:MAX))   No           Yes
   printer-state-change-date-time (dateTime)    No           Yes

6.1. printer-state-change-time (integer(1:MAX))

This OPTIONAL attribute records the most recent time at which the 'printer-state-changed' Printer Event occurred whether or not any Subscription objects were listening for this event. This attribute helps a client or operator to determine how long the Printer has been in its current state.

A Printer MAY support this attribute and if so, the attribute MUST be READ-ONLY.

On power-up, the Printer MUST populate this attribute with the value of its "printer-up-time" attribute, so that it always has a value. Whenever the 'printer-state-changed' Printer Event occurs, the Printer MUST update this attribute with the value of the Printer's "printer-up-time" attribute.

6.2. printer-state-change-date-time (dateTime)

This OPTIONAL attribute records the most recent time at which the 'printer-state-changed' Printer Event occurred whether or not there were any Subscription Objects listening for this event. This attribute helps a client or operator to determine how long the Printer has been in its current state.

A Printer MAY support this attribute and if so, the attribute MUST be READ-ONLY.

On power-up, the Printer MUST populate this attribute with the value of its "printer-current-time" attribute, so that it always has a value (see [RFC2911] section 4.4.30 on "printer-current-time"). Whenever the 'printer-state-changed' Printer Event occurs, the Printer MUST update this attribute with the value of the Printer's "printer-current-time" attribute.

7. New Values for Existing Printer Description Attributes

This section contains those attributes for which additional values are added.

7.1. operations-supported (1setOf type2 enum)

The following "operation-id" values are added in order to support the new operations defined in this document:

   Table 4 - Operation-id assignments
   
   Value       Operation Name
   
   0x0016      Create-Printer-Subscriptions
   0x0017      Create-Job-Subscriptions
   0x0018      Get-Subscription-Attributes
   0x0019      Get-Subscriptions
   0x001A      Renew-Subscription
   0x001B      Cancel-Subscription

8. Attributes Only in Event Notifications

This section contains those attributes that exist only in Event Notifications and do not exist in any objects.

8.1. notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword)

This attribute indicates the Subscribed Event that caused the Printer to deliver this Event Notification. This attribute exists only in Event Notifications.

This attribute MUST contain one of the values of the "notify-events" attribute in the Subscription Object, i.e., one of the Subscribed Event values. Its value is the Subscribed Event that "matches" the Event that caused the Printer to deliver this Event Notification. This Subscribed Event value may be identical to the Event or the Event may be a sub-value of the Subscribed Event. For example, the 'job-completed' Event (which is a sub-event of the 'job-state- changed' event) would cause the Printer to deliver an Event Notification for either the 'job-completed' or 'job-state-changed' Subscribed Events and to deliver the 'job-completed' or 'job-state- changed' value for this attribute, respectively. See section 5.3.3.5 for the "matching" rules of Subscribed Events and for additional examples.

The Delivery Method Document specifies whether the Printer includes the value of this attribute in an Event Notification.

8.2. notify-text (text(MAX))

This attribute contains a Human Consumable text message (see section 9.2). This message describes the Event and is encoded as plain text, i.e., 'text/plain' with the charset specified by Subscription Object's "notify-charset" attribute.

Note: this attribute contains a text message only and must not contain any encoding information, such as 'text/plain'. The 'text/plain' encoding is implicit and thus the charset must be specified by an alternate mechanism, namely the "notify-charset" attribute.

The Delivery Method Document specifies whether the Printer includes this attribute in an Event Notification.

9. Event Notification Content

This section defines the Event Notification content that the Printer delivers when an Event occurs.

   When an Event occurs, the Printer MUST find each Subscription object
   whose "notify-events" attribute "matches" the Event.  See section
   5.3.3.5 for details on "matching".  For each matched Subscription
   Object, the Printer MUST create an Event Notification with the
   content and format that the Delivery Method Document specifies.  The
   content contains the value of attributes specified by the Delivery
   Method Document.  The Printer obtains the values immediately after
   the Event occurs.  For example, if the "printer-state" attribute
   changes from 'idle' to 'processing', the Event 'printer-state-
   changed' occurs and the Printer puts various attributes into the
   Event Notification, including "printer-up-time" and "printer-state"
   with the values that they have immediately after the Event occurs,
   i.e., the value of  "printer-state" is 'processing'.

Event Notification Ordering:

When a Printer delivers Event Notifications, the Event Notifications from any given Subscription Object MUST be in time stamp order, i.e., in order of increasing "printer-up-time" attribute value in the Event Notification (see Table 5). These Event Notifications MAY be interleaved with those from other Subscription Objects, as long as those others are also in time stamp order. The Printer MUST observe these ordering requirements whether delivering multiple pending Events as multiple separate Event Notifications or together in a single Compound Event Notification.

If a Subscribing Client wants the Printer to deliver certain Event Notifications in time stamp order, the Subscribing Client uses a single Subscription Object. Even so, depending on the underlying transport, the actual order that a Notification Recipient receives separate Event Notifications may differ from the order sent by the Printer (e.g., email).

   Example:  Consider two Per-Printer Subscription Objects: SO1 and SO2.
   SO1 requests 'job-state-changed' events and SO2 requests 'printer-
   state-changed' events.  The number in parens is the time stamp.  The
   following Event Notification sequences are the only ones that conform
   to the ordering requirements for the Printer to deliver the Event
   Notifications:
   
      (a) SO1: 'job-created' (1000), SO1: 'job-stopped' (1005), SO1:
      'job-completed' (1009), SO2: 'printer-stopped' (1005)
   
      (b) SO1: 'job-created' (1000), SO1: 'job-stopped' (1005), SO2:
      'printer-stopped' (1005), SO1: 'job-completed' (1009)
   
      (c) SO1: 'job-created' (1000), SO2: 'printer-stopped' (1005), SO1:
      'job-stopped' (1005), SO1: 'job-completed' (1009)
   
      (d) SO2: 'printer-stopped (1005), SO1: 'job-created' (1000), SO1:
      'job-stopped' (1005), SO1: 'job-completed' (1009)

Examples (b) and (c) are interleaved; examples (a) and (d) are not interleaved and are not appropriate for some Delivery Methods.

If two different Events occur simultaneously, or nearly so (e.g., "printer-up-time" has the same value for both), the Printer MUST create a separate Event Notification for each Event, even if the associated Subscription Object is the same for both Events. However, the Printer MAY combine these distinct Event Notifications into a single Compound Event Notification if the Delivery Method supports Compound Event Notifications. For example, suppose that two nearly- simultaneously Events represent two successive 'printer-state- changed' Events, one from 'idle' to 'processing' and another from 'processing' to 'stopped'. These two Events have the same name but are different instances of the Event. Then the Printer MUST create a separate Event Notification for each Event and SHOULD accurately report the "printer-state" of the first Event as 'processing' and the second Event as 'stopped'.

If a Subscription Object contains more than one Subscribed Event, and several Events occur in quick succession each matching a different Subscribed Event in the Subscription Object, the Printer MUST NOT generate a single Event Notification from several of these Events, but MAY combine distinct Event Notifications into a single Compound Event Notification if the Delivery Method supports Compound Event Notifications.

After the Printer has created the Event Notification, the Printer delivers it via either a:

Push Delivery Method: The Printer delivers the Event Notification shortly after an Event occurs. For some Push Delivery Methods, the Notification Recipient MUST deliver a response; for others it MUST NOT deliver a response.

Pull Delivery Method: The Printer saves Event Notifications for some Event Life and expects the Notification Recipient to request Event Notifications. The Printer returns the Event Notifications in a response to such a request.

If an error that meets the following conditions occurs, the Printer MUST cancel the Subscription Object.

a) the error occurs during the delivering of an Event Notification

generated from Subscription Object S AND

b) the error would continue to occur every time the Printer delivers

an Event Notification generated from Subscription Object S in the future.

For example, if the address of the "notify-recipient-uri" of Subscription Object A references a non-existent target and the Printer determines this fact, it MUST delete Subscription Object A.

The next two sections describe the values that a Printer delivers in the content of Machine Consumable and Human Consumable Event Notifications, respectively.

The tables in the sub-sections of this section contain the following columns:

a) Source Value: the name of the attribute that supplies the value

for the Event Notification. Asterisks in this field refer to a note below the table.

b) Delivers: if the Printer supports the value (column 1) on the

Source Object (column 3) the Delivery Method MUST specify:

MUST:

that the Printer MUST deliver the value.

SHOULD: either that the Printer MUST deliver the value or that the value is incompatible with the Delivery Method.

MAY: that the Printer MUST, SHOULD, MAY, MUST NOT, SHOULD NOT, or NEED NOT deliver the value. The Delivery Method specifies the level of conformance for the Printer.

c) Source Object: the object from which the source value comes. If

the object is "Event Notification", the Printer fabricates the value when it delivers the Event Notification. See section 8.

9.1. Content of Machine Consumable Event Notifications

This section defines the attributes that a Delivery Method MUST mention in a Delivery Method Document when specifying the Machine Consumable Event Notification's contents.

This document does not define the order of attributes in Event Notifications. However, Delivery Method Documents MAY define the order of some or all of the attributes.

A Delivery Method Document MUST specify additional attributes (if any) that a Printer implementation delivers in a Machine Consumable Event Notification.

Notification Recipients MUST be able to accept Event Notifications containing attributes they do not recognize. What a Notification Recipient does with an unrecognized attribute is implementation- dependent. Notification Recipients MAY attempt to display unrecognized attributes anyway or MAY ignore them.

The next three sections define the attributes in Event Notification Contents that are:

1. for all Events

2. for Job Events only

3. for Printer Events only

9.1.1. Event Notification Content Common to All Events

This section lists the attributes that a Delivery Method Document MUST specify for all Events.

Table 5 lists potential values in each Event Notification.

Table 5 - Attributes in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                               Delivers   Source Object
   
   notify-subscription-id (integer(1:MAX))    MUST       Subscription
   notify-printer-uri (uri)                   MUST       Subscription
   notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword)    MUST       Event
                                                         Notification
   printer-up-time (integer(MIN:MAX))         MUST       Printer
   printer-current-time (dateTime) *          MUST       Printer
   notify-sequence-number (integer (0:MAX))   SHOULD     Subscription
   notify-charset (charset)                   SHOULD     Subscription
   notify-natural-language (naturalLanguage)  SHOULD     Subscription
   notify-user-data (octetString(63)) **      SHOULD     Subscription
   notify-text (text)                         SHOULD     Event
                                                         Notification
   attributes from the "notify-attributes"    MAY        Printer
   attribute ***
   attributes from the "notify-attributes"    MAY        Job
   attribute ***
   attributes from the "notify-attributes"    MAY        Subscription
   attribute ***

*A Printer MUST deliver this value only if and only if it supports the Printer's "printer-current-time" attribute.

** If the Subscription Object does not contain a "notify-user-data" attribute and the Delivery Method Document REQUIRES the Printer to deliver the "notify-user-data" source value in the Event Notification, the Printer MUST deliver an octet-string of length 0.

   *** The last three rows represent additional attributes that a client
   MAY request via the  "notify-attributes" attribute.  A Printer MAY
   support the "notify-attributes" attribute.  The Delivery Method MUST
   say that the Printer MUST, SHOULD, MAY, MUST NOT, SHOULD NOT, or NEED
   NOT support the "notify-attributes" attribute and specific values of
   this attribute.  The Delivery Method MAY say that support for the
   "notify-attributes" is conditioned on support of the attribute by the
   Printer or it MAY say that Printer MUST support the "notify-
   attributes" attribute if the Printer supports the Delivery Method.

9.1.2. Additional Event Notification Content for Job Events

This section lists the additional attributes that a Delivery Method Document MUST specify for Job Events. See Table 6.

Table 6 - Additional Event Notification Content for Job Events

   Source Value                                  Delivers  Source
                                                            Object
   
   job-id (integer(1:MAX))                       MUST      Job
   job-state (type1 enum)                        MUST      Job
   job-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword)      MUST      Job
   job-impressions-completed (integer(0:MAX)) *  MUST      Job

* The Printer MUST deliver the "job-impressions-completed" attribute in an Event Notification only for the combinations of Events and Subscribed Events shown in Table 7.

Table 7 - Combinations of Events and Subscribed Events for "job- impressions-completed"

   Job Event              Subscribed Job Event
   
   'job-progress'         'job-progress'
   'job-completed'        'job-completed'
   'job-completed'        'job-state-changed'

9.1.3. Additional Event Notification Content for Printer Events

This section lists the additional attributes that a Delivery Method Document MUST specify for Printer Events. See Table 8.

Table 8 - Additional Event Notification Content for Printer Events

   Source Value                             Delivers   Source Object
   
   printer-state (type1 enum)               MUST       Printer
   printer-state-reasons (1setOf type2      MUST       Printer
   keyword)
   printer-is-accepting-jobs (boolean)      MUST       Printer

9.2. Content of Human Consumable Event Notification

This section defines the information that a Delivery Method MUST mention in a Delivery Method Document when specifying the Human Consumable Event Notifications contents or the value of the "notify- text" attribute.

Such a Delivery Method MUST specify the following information and a Printer SHOULD deliver it:

a) the Printer name (see Table 9)
b) the time of the Event (see Table 11)

c) for Printer Events only:

i) the Event (see Table 10) and/or Printer state information (see

         Table 14)

d) for Job Events only:

i) the job identity (see Table 12)

ii) the Event (see Table 10) and/or Job state information (see

          Table 13)

The subsections of this section specify the attributes that a Printer MUST use to obtain this information.

A Delivery Method Document MUST specify additional information (if any) that a Printer implementation delivers in a Human Consumable Event Notification or in the "notify-text" attribute.

A client MUST NOT request additional attributes via the "notify- attributes" attribute because this attribute works only for Machine Consumable Event Notifications.

Notification Recipients MUST NOT expect to be able to parse the Human Consumable Event Notification contents or the value of the "notify- text" attribute.

The next three sections define the attributes in Event Notification Contents that are:

a) for all Events
b) for Job Events only
c) for Printer Events only

9.2.1. Event Notification Content Common to All Events

This section lists the source of the information that a Delivery Method MUST specify for all Events.

There is a separate table for each piece of information. Each row in the table represents a source value for the information and the values are listed in order of preference, with the first one being the preferred one. An implementation SHOULD use the source value from the earliest row in each table. It MAY use the source value from another row instead, or it MAY combine the source values from several rows. An implementation is free to determine the best way to present this information.

In all tables of this section, all rows contain a "MAY" in order to state that the Delivery Method specifies the conformance.

Table 9 lists the source of the information for the Printer Name. The "printer-name" is more user-friendly unless the Notification Recipient is in a place where the Printer name is not meaningful. For example, an implementation could have the intelligence to deliver the value of the "printer-name" attribute to a Notification Recipient that can access the Printer via value of the "printer-name" attribute and otherwise deliver the value of the "notify-printer-uri" attribute.

Table 9 - Printer Name in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                            Delivers   Source Object
   
   printer-name (name(127))                MAY        Printer
   notify-printer-uri (uri)                MAY        Subscription

Table 10 lists the source of the information for the Event name. A Printer MAY combine this information with state information described for Jobs in Table 13 or for Printers in Table 14.

Table 10 - Event Name in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                             Delivers    Source Object
   
   notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword)  MAY         Subscription

Table 11 lists the source of the information for the time that the Event occurred. A Printer can deliver this value only if it supports the Printer's "printer-current-time" attribute. If a Printer does not support the "printer-current-time" attribute, it MUST NOT deliver the "printer-up-time" value instead, since it is not an allowed option for human consumable information.

Table 11 - Event Time in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                            Delivers   Source Object
   
   printer-current-time (dateTime)         MAY        Printer

9.2.2. Additional Event Notification Content for Job Events

This section lists the source of the additional information that a Delivery Method MUST specify for Job Events.

Table 12 lists the source of the information for the job name. The "job-name" is likely more meaningful to a user than "job-id".

Table 12 - Job Name in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                           Delivers    Source Object
   
   job-name (name(MAX))                   MAY         Job
   job-id (integer(1:MAX))                MAY         Job

Table 13 lists the source of the information for the job state. If a Printer supports the "job-state-message" and "job-detailed-state- message" attributes, it SHOULD use those attributes for the job state information, otherwise, it should fabricate such information from the "job-state" and "job-state-reasons". For some Events, a Printer MAY combine this information with Event information.

Table 13 - Job State in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                                     Delivers  Source
                                                               Object
   
   job-state-message (text(MAX))                    MAY       Job
   job-detailed-status-messages (1setOf text(MAX))  MAY       Job
   job-state (type1 enum)                           MAY       Job
   job-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword)         MAY       Job

9.2.3. Additional Event Notification Content for Printer Events

This section lists the source of the additional information that a Delivery Method MUST specify for Printer Events.

Table 14 lists the source of the information for the printer state. If a Printer supports the "printer-state-message", it SHOULD use that attribute for the job state information, otherwise it SHOULD fabricate such information from the "printer-state" and "printer- state-reasons". For some Events, a Printer MAY combine this information with Event information.

Table 14 - Printer State in Event Notification Content

   Source Value                                    Delivers   Source
                                                               Object
   
   printer-state-message (text(MAX))               MAY        Printer
   printer-state (type1 enum)                      MAY        Printer
   printer-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword)    MAY        Printer
   printer-is-accepting-jobs (boolean)             MAY        Printer

10. Delivery Methods

A Delivery Method is the mechanism, i.e., protocol, by which the Printer delivers an Event Notification to a Notification Recipient. There are several potential Delivery Methods for Event Notifications, standardized, as well as proprietary. This specification REQUIRES that the 'ippget' Pull Delivery Method [RFC3996] be supported. Conforming implementations MAY support additional Push or Pull Delivery Methods as well. This document does not define any of these delivery mechanisms. Each Delivery Method MUST be defined in a Delivery Method Document that is separate from this document. New Delivery Methods will be created as needed using an extension to the registration procedures defined in [RFC2911]. Such documents are registered with IANA (see section 23.7.3).

The following sorts of Delivery Methods are possible:

• The Notification Recipient polls for Event Notifications at intervals directed by the Printer

• The Printer delivers Event Notifications to the Notification Recipient using http as the transport.

• The Printer delivers an email message.

This section specifies how to define a Delivery Method Document and what to put in such a document.

A Delivery Method Document MUST contain an exact copy of the following paragraph, caption and table. In addition, column 2 of the table in the Delivery Method Document MUST contain answers to questions in column 1 for the Delivery Method. Also, the Delivery Method document MUST contain a reference to this document and call that reference [RFC3995] because the table contains an [RFC3995] reference.

If a Printer supports this Delivery Method, the following are its characteristics.

Table 15 - Information about the Delivery Method

   Document Method Conformance Requirement     Delivery Method
                                               Realization

1. What is the URL scheme name for the Push Delivery Method or the keyword method name for the Pull Delivery Method?

2. Is the Delivery Method REQUIRED, RECOMMENDED, or OPTIONAL for an IPP Printer to support?

3. What transport and delivery protocols does the Printer use to deliver the Event Notification Content, i.e., what is the entire network stack?

4. Can several Event Notifications be combined into a Compound Event Notification?

5. Is the Delivery Method initiated by the Notification Recipient (pull), or by the Printer (push)?

6. Is the Event Notification content Machine Consumable or Human Consumable?

7. What section in this document answers the following question? For a Machine Consumable Event Notification, what is the representation and encoding of values defined in section 9.1 of [RFC3995] and the conformance requirements thereof? For a Human Consumable Event Notification, what is the representation and encoding of pieces of information defined in section 9.2 of [RFC3995] and the conformance requirements thereof?

8. What are the latency and reliability of the transport and delivery protocol?

9. What are the security aspects of the transport and delivery protocol, e.g., how it is handled in firewalls?

10. What are the content length restrictions?

11. What are the additional values or pieces of information that a Printer delivers in an Event Notification content and the conformance requirements thereof?

12. What are the additional Subscription Template and/or Subscription Description attributes and the conformance requirements thereof?

13. What are the additional Printer Description attributes and the conformance requirements thereof?

11. Operations for Notification

This section defines all of the operations for Notification. Section 7.1 assigns the "operation-id" for each operation. The following two sub-sections define Subscription Creation Operations, and other operations.

11.1. Subscription Creation Operations

This section defines the Subscription Creation Operations. The first section on Create-Job-Subscriptions gives most of the information. The other Subscription Creation Operations refer to the section on Create-Job-Subscriptions, even though the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation is the only OPTIONAL operation in this document (see section 12).

A Printer MUST support Create-Printer-Subscriptions and the Subscription Template Attributes Group in Job Creation operations. It MAY support Create-Job-Subscriptions operations.

11.1.1. Create-Job-Subscriptions Operation

The operation creates one or more Per-Job Subscription Objects. The client supplies one or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups each containing one or more of Subscription Template Attributes (defined in section 5.3).

Except for errors, the Printer MUST create exactly one Per-Job Subscription Object from each Subscription Template Attributes Group in the request, even if the newly created Subscription Object would have identical behavior to some existing Subscription Object. The Printer MUST associate each newly created Per-Job Subscription Object with the target Job, which is specified by the "notify-job-id" operation attribute.

The Printer MUST accept the request in any of the target job's 'not- completed' states, i.e., 'pending', 'pending-held', 'processing', or 'processing-stopped'. The Printer MUST NOT change the job's "job- state" attribute because of this operation. If the target job is in any of the 'completed' states, i.e., 'completed', 'canceled', or 'aborted, then the Printer MUST reject the request and return the 'client-error-not-possible' status code; the response MUST NOT contain any Subscription Attribute Groups.

   Access Rights:  To create Per-Job Subscription Objects, the
   authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this
   operation MUST (1) be the job owner, (2) have Operator or
   Administrator access rights for this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections
   1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's
   administrator-configured security policy to create Per-Job
   Subscription Objects for the target job.  Otherwise the Printer MUST
   reject the operation and return: the 'client-error-forbidden',
   'client-error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized'
   status code as appropriate.

11.1.1.1. Create-Job-Subscriptions Request

The following groups of attributes are part of the Create-Job- Subscriptions Request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.1.

Target:

The "printer-uri" attribute which defines the target for this operation as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.5.

Requesting User Name:

The "requesting-user-name" attribute SHOULD be supplied by the client as described in [RFC2911] section 8.3.

11.1.1.1.1. notify-job-id (integer(1:MAX))

The client MUST supply this attribute and it MUST specify the Job object to associate the Per-Job Subscription with. The value of "notify-job-id" MUST be the value of the "job-id" of the associated Job object. If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer MUST reject this request with a 'client-error-bad-request' status code.

   Group 2-N: Subscription Template Attributes

For each occurrence of this group:

The client MUST supply one or more Subscription Template Attributes in any order. See section 5.3 for a description of each such attribute. See section 5.2 for details on processing these attributes.

11.1.1.2. Create-Job-Subscriptions Response

The Printer MUST return to the client the following sets of attributes as part of a Create-Job-Subscriptions response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) operation attribute as described in [RFC2911] sections 13 and 3.1.6.

In this group, the Printer can return any status codes defined in [RFC2911] and section 12. The following is a description of the important status codes:

successful-ok: the Printer created all Subscription Objects

requested (see [RFC2911]).

      successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions: the Printer created some
      
         Subscription Objects requested but some failed.  The
         Subscription Attributes Groups with a "notify-status-code"
         attribute are the ones that failed (see section 12.1).
      
      client-error-ignored-all-subscriptions: the Printer created no
         Subscription Objects requested and all failed.  The
         Subscription Attributes Groups with a "notify-status-code"
         attribute are the ones that failed (see section 12.2).
      
      client-error-not-possible: For this operation and other Per-Job
         Subscription operations, this error can occur because the
         specified Job has already completed (see [RFC2911], whether or
         not the Job is retained in the Job Retention and/or Job History
         phases (see [RFC2911] section 4.3.7.1).

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

See [RFC2911] section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. This group does not contain any unsupported Subscription Template Attributes; they are returned in the Subscription Attributes Group (see below).

Group 3-N: Subscription Attributes

These groups MUST be returned unless the Printer is unable to interpret the entire request, e.g., the "status-code" parameter returned in Group 1 has the value: 'client-error-bad-request'.

"notify-status-code" (type2 enum):

Indicates the status of this subscription (see section 13 for the status code definitions). Section 5.2 defines when this attribute MUST be present in this group.

See section 5.2 for details on the contents of each occurrence of this group.

11.1.2. Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation

The operation is identical to Create-Job-Subscriptions with exceptions noted in this section.

The operation creates Per-Printer Subscription Objects instead of Per-Job Subscription Objects, and associates each newly created Per- Printer Subscription Object with the Printer specified by the operation target rather than with a specific Job.

The Printer MUST accept the request in any of its states, i.e., 'idle', 'processing', or 'stopped'. The Printer MUST NOT change its "printer-state" attribute because of this operation.

   Access Rights:  To create Per-Printer Subscription Objects, the
   authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this
   operation MUST have (1) Operator or Administrator access rights for
   this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (2) be otherwise
   authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured security policy
   to create Per-Printer Subscription Objects for this Printer.
   Otherwise, the Printer MUST reject the operation and return: the
   'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or
   'client-error-not-authorized' status code as appropriate.

11.1.2.1. Create-Printer-Subscriptions Request

   The groups are identical to the Create-Job-Subscriptions (see section
   11.1.1.1) except that the Operation Attributes group MUST NOT contain
   the  "notify-job-id" attribute.  If the client does supply the
   "notify-job-id" attribute, then the Printer MUST treat it as any
   other unsupported Operation attribute and MUST return it in the
   Unsupported Attributes group.

11.1.2.2. Create-Printer-Subscriptions Response

The groups are identical to the Create-Job-Subscriptions (see section 11.1.1.2).

11.1.3. Job Creation Operations - Extensions for Notification

This document extends the Job Creation operations (see section 3.2) to create Subscription Objects as a part of the operation.

The Job Creation operations are identical to Create-Job-Subscriptions operation with exceptions noted in this section.

   Unlike the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation, a Job Creation
   operation associates the newly created Subscription Objects with the
   Job object created by this operation.  The operation succeeds if and
   only if the Job creation succeeds.  If the Printer does not create
   some or all of the requested Subscription Objects, the Printer MUST
   return a  'successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions' status-code instead
   of a 'successful-ok' status-code, but the Printer MUST NOT reject the
   operation because of a failure to create Subscription Objects.

If the Job Creation operation includes a Job Template group, the client MUST supply it after the Operation Attributes group and before the first Subscription Template Attributes Group.

If a Printer does not support this Notification specification, then it MUST treat the Subscription Attributes Group like an unknown group and ignore it (see [RFC2911] section 5.2.2). Because the Printer ignores the Subscription Attributes Group, it doesn't return them in the response either, thus indicating to the client that the Printer doesn't support Notification.

After completion of a successful Job Creation operation, the Printer generates a 'job-created' event (see section 5.3.3.4.3).

   Access Rights:  To create Per-Job Subscription Objects, the
   authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this
   operation MUST either have permission to create Jobs on the Printer
   or have Operator or Administrator access rights for this Printer (see
   [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5).  Otherwise the Printer MUST reject the
   operation and return: the 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-
   not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' status code as
   appropriate.

11.1.3.1. Job Creation Request

The groups for this operation are sufficiently different from the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation that they are all presented here. The following groups of attributes are supplied as part of a Job Creation Request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

      Same as defined in [RFC2911] for Print-Job, Print-URI, and
      Create-Job requests.

Group 2: Job Template Attributes

The client OPTIONALLY supplies a set of Job Template attributes as defined in [RFC2911] section 4.2.

Group 3 to N: Subscription Template Attributes

The same as Group 2-N in Create-Job-Subscriptions. See section 11.1.1.1.

   Group N+1: Document Content  (Print-Job only)

The client MUST supply the document data to be processed.

11.1.3.2. Job Creation Response

The Printer MUST return to the client the following sets of attributes as part of a Print-Job, Print-URI, and Create-Job Response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

         As defined in [RFC2911] for Print-Job, Print-URI, and Create-
         Job requests.

In this group, the Printer can return any status codes defined in [RFC2911] and section 12. The following is a description of the important status codes:

successful-ok: the Printer created the Job and all

Subscription Objects requested (see [RFC2911].

         successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions: the Printer created
            the Job and not all of the Subscription Objects requested

(see section 12.1). This status-code hides 'successful-ok- xxx' status-codes that could reveal problems in Job creation. The Printer MUST NOT return the 'client-error- ignored-all-subscriptions' status code for Job Creation operations because the Printer returns an error status-code only when it fails to create a Job.

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

See [RFC2911] section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. This group does not contain any unsupported Subscription Template Attributes; they are returned in the Subscription Attributes Group (see below).

Group 3: Job Object Attributes

      The "job-id" of the Job Object just created, etc., as defined in
      [RFC2911] for Print-Job, Print-URI, and Create-Job requests.

Group 4 to N: Subscription Attributes

These groups MUST be returned if and only if the client supplied Subscription Template Attributes and the operation was accepted.

See section 5.2 for details on the contents of each occurrence of this group.

11.2. Other Operations

This section defines other operations on Subscription objects.

11.2.1. Restart-Job Operation - Extensions for Notification

The Restart-Job operation [RFC2911] is neither a Job Creation operation nor a Subscription Creation operation (see section 3.2).

For the Restart-Job operation, the client MUST NOT supply any Job Subscription Attributes Groups. The Printer MUST treat any supplied Job Subscription Attributes as unsupported attributes.

For this operation, the Printer does not return a job-id or any Subscription Attributes groups because the Printer reuses the existing Job object with the same job-id and the existing Per-Job Subscription Objects with the same subscription-ids. However, after successful completion of this operation, the Printer generates a 'job-created' event (see section 5.3.3.4.3).

11.2.2. Validate-Job Operation - Extensions for Notification

A client can test whether one or more Subscription Objects could be created using the Validate-Job operation. The client supplies one or more Subscription Template Attributes Groups (defined in section 5.3), just as in a Job Creation request.

A Printer MUST support this extension to this operation.

The Printer MUST accept requests that are identical to the Job Creation request defined in section 11.1.3.1, except that the request MUST NOT contain document data.

The Printer MUST return the same groups and attributes as the Print- Job operation (section 11.1.3.1) with the following exceptions. The Printer MUST NOT return a Job Object Attributes Group because no Job is created. The Printer MUST NOT return the "notify-subscription-id" attribute in any Subscription Attribute Group because no Subscription Object is created.

If the Printer would succeed in creating a Subscription Object, the corresponding Subscription Attributes Group either has no 'status- code' attribute or a 'status-code' attribute with a value of 'successful-ok-too-many-events' or 'successful-ok-ignored-or- substituted-attributes' (see sections 5.2 and 13). The status-codes have the same meaning as in Job Creation except the results state what "would happen".

The Printer MUST validate Subscription Template Attributes Groups in the same manner as the Job Creation operations.

11.2.3. Get-Printer-Attributes - Extensions for Notification

This operation is extended so that it returns Printer attributes defined in this document.

A Printer MUST support this extension to this operation.

In addition to the requirements of [RFC2911] section 3.2.5, a Printer MUST support the following additional values for the "requested- attributes" Operation attribute in this operation and return such attributes in the Printer Object Attributes group of its response.

1. Subscription Template Attributes: Each supported attribute in column 2 of Table 1.

2. New Printer Description Attributes: Each supported attribute in section 6.

   3. New Group Name: The 'subscription-template' group name, which
   
      names all supported Subscription Template Attribute in column 2 of
      Table 1.  This group name is also used in the Get-Subscription-
      Attributes and Get-Subscriptions operation with an analogous
      meaning.

4. Extended Group Name: The 'all' group name, which names all Printer attributes according to [RFC2911] section 3.2.5. In this extension 'all' names all attributes specified in [RFC2911] plus those named in items 1 and 2 of this list.

11.2.4. Get-Subscription-Attributes operation

This operation allows a client to request the values of the attributes of a Subscription Object.

A Printer MUST support this operation.

This operation is almost identical to the Get-Job-Attributes operation (see [RFC2911] section 3.3.4). The only differences are that the operation is directed at a Subscription Object rather than a Job object, and the returned attribute group contains Subscription Object attributes rather than Job object attributes.

   Access Rights:  The authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3)
   performing this operation MUST (1) be the Subscription Object owner,
   (2) have Operator or Administrator access rights for this Printer
   (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by
   the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to query the
   Subscription Object for the target job.  Otherwise the Printer MUST
   reject the operation and return: the 'client-error-forbidden',
   'client-error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized'
   status code as appropriate.  Furthermore, the Printer's security
   policy MAY limit which attributes are returned, in a manner similar
   to the Get-Job-Attributes operation (see [RFC2911] end of section
   3.3.4.2).

11.2.4.1. Get-Subscription-Attributes Request

The following groups of attributes are part of the Get-Subscription- Attributes request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in section [RFC2911] 3.1.4.1.

Target:

The "printer-uri" attribute which defines the target for this operation as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.5.

Requesting User Name:

The "requesting-user-name" attribute SHOULD be supplied by the client as described in [RFC2911] section 8.3.

11.2.4.1.1. "notify-subscription-id" (integer (1:MAX))

The client MUST supply this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. This attribute specifies the Subscription Object from which the client is requesting attributes. If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST reject this request with the 'client- error-bad-request' status code.

11.2.4.1.2. "requested-attributes" (1setOf keyword)

The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. This attribute specifies the attributes of the specified Subscription Object that the Printer MUST return in the response. Each value of this attribute is either an attribute name (defined in sections 5.3 and 5.4) or an attribute group name. The attribute group names are:

• 'subscription-template': all attributes that are both defined in section 5.3 and present on the specified Subscription Object (column 1 of Table 1).

• 'subscription-description': all attributes that are both defined in section 5.4 and present on the specified Subscription Object (Table 2).

• 'all': all attributes that are present on the specified Subscription Object.

A Printer MUST support all these group names.

If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST respond as if this attribute had been supplied with a value of 'all'.

11.2.4.2. Get-Subscription-Attributes Response

The Printer returns the following sets of attributes as part of the Get-Subscription-Attributes Response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

Same as [RFC2911].

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2. The "attributes-natural-language" MAY be the natural language of the Subscription Object, rather than the one requested.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

See [RFC2911] section 3.1.7 and section 3.2.5.2 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes.

The response NEED NOT contain the "requested-attributes" operation attribute with any supplied keyword values that were requested by the client but are not supported by the IPP object. If the Printer object does return unsupported attributes referenced in the "requested-attributes" operation attribute, the values of the "requested-attributes" attribute returned MUST include only the unsupported keywords that were requested by the client. If the client had requested a group name, such as 'all', the resulting unsupported attributes returned MUST NOT include attribute keyword names described in the standard but not supported by the implementation.

Group 3: Subscription Attributes

This group contains a set of attributes with their current values. Each attribute returned in this group:

a) MUST be specified by the "requested-attributes" attribute in the

      request, AND

b) MUST be present on the specified Subscription Object AND

   c) MUST  NOT be restricted by the security policy in force.  For
      example, a Printer MAY prohibit a client who is not the creator of
      a Subscription Object from seeing some or all of its attributes.
      See [RFC2911] end of section 3.3.4.2 and section 8.

The Printer can return the attributes of the Subscription Object in any order. The client MUST accept the attributes in any order.

11.2.5. Get-Subscriptions operation

This operation allows a client to retrieve the values of attributes of all Subscription Objects belonging to a Job or Printer.

A Printer MUST supported this operation.

This operation is similar to the Get-Subscription-Attributes operation, except that this Get-Subscriptions operation returns attributes from possibly more than one object.

This operation is similar to the Get-Jobs operation (see [RFC2911] section 3.2.6), except that the operation returns Subscription Objects rather than Job objects.

   Access Rights:  To query Per-Job Subscription Objects of the
   specified job (client supplied the "notify-job-id" operation
   attribute - see section 11.2.5.1.1), the authenticated user (see
   [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be the
   Subscription Object owner, (2) have Operator or Administrator access
   rights for this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be
   otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured
   security policy to query the Subscription Object for the target job.
   To query Per-Printer Subscription Objects of the Printer (client
   omits the "notify-job-id" operation attribute - see section
   11.2.5.1.1), the authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3)
   performing this operation MUST (1) have Operator or Administrator
   access rights for this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or
   (2) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured
   security policy to query Per-Printer Subscription Objects for the
   target Printer.  Otherwise the Printer MUST reject the operation and
   return: the 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-
   authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' status code as
   appropriate.  Furthermore, the Printer's security policy MAY limit
   which attributes are returned, in a manner similar to the Get-Jobs
   and Get-Printer-Attributes operations (see [RFC2911] end of sections
   3.2.6.2 and 3.2.5.2).

11.2.5.1. Get-Subscriptions Request

The following groups of attributes are part of the Get-Subscriptions request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.1.

Target:

The "printer-uri" attribute which defines the target for this operation as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.5.

Requesting User Name:

The "requesting-user-name" attribute SHOULD be supplied by the client as described in [RFC2911] section 8.3.

11.2.5.1.1. "notify-job-id" (integer(1:MAX))

If the client specifies this attribute, the Printer returns the specified attributes of all Per-Job Subscription Objects associated with the Job whose "job-id" attribute value equals the value of this attribute. If the client does not specify this attribute, the Printer returns the specified attributes of all Per-Printer Subscription Objects. Note: there is no way to get all Per-Job

Subscriptions known to the Printer in a single operation. A Get-Jobs operation followed by a Get-Subscriptions operation for each Job will return all Per-Job Subscriptions.

11.2.5.1.2. "limit" (integer(1:MAX))

The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. It is an integer value that determines the maximum number of Subscription Objects that a client will receive from the Printer even if the "my-subscriptions" attribute constrains which Subscription Objects are returned. The limit is a "stateless limit" in that if the value supplied by the client is 'N', then only the first 'N' Subscription Objects are returned in the Get- Subscriptions Response. There is no mechanism to allow for the next 'M' Subscription Objects after the first 'N' Subscription Objects. If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer responds with all applicable Subscription Objects.

11.2.5.1.3. "requested-attributes" (1setOf type2 keyword)

The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. This attribute specifies the attributes of the specified Subscription Objects that the Printer MUST return in the response. Each value of this attribute is either an attribute name (defined in sections 5.3 and 5.4) or an attribute group name (defined in section 11.2.4.1). If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST respond as if the client had supplied this attribute with the one value: 'notify-subscription-id'.

11.2.5.1.4. "my-subscriptions" (boolean)

The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. If the value is 'false', the Printer MUST consider the Subscription Objects from all users as candidates. If the value is 'true', the Printer MUST return the Subscription Objects created by the requesting user of this request. If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer MUST respond as if the client had supplied the attribute with a value of 'false'. The means for authenticating the requesting user and matching the Subscription Objects is similar to that for Jobs which is described in [RFC2911] section 8.

11.2.5.2 Get-Subscriptions Response

The Printer returns the following sets of attributes as part of the Get-Subscriptions Response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

Same as [RFC2911].

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

Same as for Get-Subscription-Attributes.

Groups 3 to N: Subscription Attributes

The Printer responds with one Subscription Attributes Group for each requested Subscription Object (see the "notify-job-id" attribute in the Operation Attributes Group of this operation).

The Printer returns Subscription Objects in any order.

If the "limit" attribute is present in the Operation Attributes group of the request, the number of Subscription Attributes Groups in the response MUST NOT exceed the value of the "limit" attribute.

It there are no Subscription Objects associated with the specified Job or Printer, the Printer MUST return zero Subscription Attributes Groups and it MUST NOT treat this case as an error, i.e., the status-code MUST be 'successful-ok' unless something else causes the status code to have some other value.

See the Group 3 response (Subscription Attributes Group) of the Get-Subscription-Attributes operation (section 11.2.4.2) for the attributes that a Printer returns in this group.

11.2.6. Renew-Subscription operation

This operation allows a client to request the Printer to extend the lease on a Per-Printer Subscription Object.

The Printer MUST support this operation.

The Printer MUST accept this request for a Per-Printer Subscription Object in any of the target Printer's states, i.e., 'idle', 'processing', or 'stopped', but MUST NOT change the Printer's "printer-state" attribute.

The Printer MUST reject this request for a Per-Job Subscription Object because it has no lease (see section 5.4.3). The status code returned MUST be 'client-error-not-possible'.

Access Rights: The authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be the owner of the Per-Printer Subscription Object, (2) have Operator or Administrator access rights for the Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to renew Per-Printer Subscription Objects for the target Printer. Otherwise, the Printer MUST reject the operation and return: the 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not- authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' status code as appropriate.

11.2.6.1. Renew-Subscription Request

The following groups of attributes are part of the Renew-Subscription Request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.1.

Target:

The "printer-uri" attribute which defines the target for this operation as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.5.

Requesting User Name:

The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be supplied by the client as described in [RFC2911] section 8.3.

11.2.6.1.1. "notify-subscription-id" (integer (1:MAX))

The client MUST supply this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. This attribute specifies the Per-Printer Subscription Object whose lease the Printer MUST renew. If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST reject this request with the 'client- error-bad-request' status code.

Group 2: Subscription Template Attributes

11.2.6.1.2. "notify-lease-duration" (integer(0:MAX))

The client MAY supply this attribute. It indicates the number of seconds to renew the lease for the specified Subscription Object. A value of 0 requests an infinite lease (which MAY require Operator access rights). If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST use the value of the Printer's "notify-lease-duration-default" attribute. See section 5.3.8 for more details.

11.2.6.2. Renew-Subscription Response

The Printer returns the following sets of attributes as part of the Renew-Subscription Response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

Same as [RFC2911].

The following are some of the status codes returned (see [RFC2911]:

successful-ok: The operation successfully renewed the lease

on the Subscription Object for the requested duration.

         successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes: The
            operation successfully renewed the lease on the Subscription
            Object for some duration other than the amount requested.
         
         client-error-not-possible: The operation failed because the
            "notify-subscription-id" Operation attribute identified a
            Per-Job Subscription Object.
         
         client-error-not-found: The operation failed because the
            "notify-subscription-id" Operation attribute identified a
            non-existent Subscription Object.

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2. The "attributes-natural-language" MAY be the natural language of the Subscription Object, rather than the one requested.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

See [RFC2911] section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes.

Group 3: Subscription Attributes

The Printer MUST return the following Subscription Attribute:

11.2.6.2.1. "notify-lease-duration" (integer(0:MAX))

The value of this attribute MUST be the number of seconds that the Printer has granted for the lease of the Subscription Object (see section 5.3.8 for details, such as the value of this attribute when the Printer doesn't support the requested value).

11.2.7. Cancel-Subscription operation

This operation allows a client to delete a Subscription Object and stop the Printer from delivering more Event Notifications. Once performed, there is no way to reference the Subscription Object.

A Printer MUST supported this operation.

The Printer MUST accept this request in any of the target Printer's states, i.e., 'idle', 'processing', or 'stopped', but MUST NOT change the Printer's "printer-state" attribute.

If the specified Subscription Object is a Per-Job Subscription Object, the Printer MUST accept this request in any of the target Job's states, but MUST NOT change the Job's "job-state" attribute or affect the Job.

   Note:  There is no way to change any attributes on a Subscription
   Object, except the "notify-lease-duration" attribute (using the
   Renew-Subscription operation).  In order to change other attributes,
   a client performs a Subscription Creation Operation and Cancel-
   Subscription operation on the old Subscription Object.  If the client

wants to avoid missing Event Notifications, it performs the Subscription Creation Operation first. If this order would create too many Subscription Objects on the Printer, the client reverses the order.

Access Rights: The authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be the owner of the Subscription Object, (2) have Operator or Administrator access rights for the Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to cancel the target Subscription Object. Otherwise, the Printer MUST reject the operation and return: the 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' status code as appropriate.

11.2.7.1. Cancel-Subscription Request

The following groups of attributes are part of the Cancel- Subscription Request:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.1.

Target:

The "printer-uri" attribute which defines the target for this operation as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.5.

Requesting User Name:

The "requesting-user-name" attribute SHOULD be supplied by the client as described in [RFC2911] section 8.3.

11.2.7.1.1. "notify-subscription-id" (integer (1:MAX))

The client MUST supply this attribute. The Printer MUST support this attribute. This attribute specifies the Subscription Object that the Printer MUST cancel. If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST reject this request with the 'client-error-bad-request' status code.

11.2.7.2. Cancel-Subscription Response

The Printer returns the following sets of attributes as part of the Cancel-Subscription Response:

Group 1: Operation Attributes

Status Message:

Same as [RFC2911].

The following are some of the status codes returned (see [RFC2911]:

         successful-ok: The operation successfully canceled
            (deleted) the Subscription Object.
         
         client-error-not-found: The operation failed because the
            "notify-subscription-id" Operation attribute identified a
            non-existent Subscription Object.

Natural Language and Character Set:

The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes as described in [RFC2911] section 3.1.4.2. The "attributes-natural-language" MAY be the natural language of the Subscription Object, rather than the one requested.

Group 2: Unsupported Attributes

See [RFC2911] section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes.

12. Status Codes

The following status codes are defined as extensions for Notification and are returned as the value of the "status-code" parameter in the Operation Attributes Group of a response (see [RFC2911] section 3.1.6.1). Operations in this document can also return the status codes defined in section 13 of [RFC2911]. The 'successful-ok' status code is an example of such a status code.

12.1. successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions (0x0003)

The Subscription Creation Operation was unable to create all requested Subscription Objects.

For a Create-Job-Subscriptions or Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation, this status code means that the Printer created one or more Subscription Objects, but not all requested Subscription Objects.

For a Job Creation operation, this status code means that the Printer created the Job along with zero or more Subscription Objects. The Printer returns this status code even if other job attributes are unsupported or in conflict. That is, if an IPP Printer finds a warning that would allow it to return 'successful-ok-ignored- subscriptions' and either 'successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted- attributes' and/or 'successful-ok-conflicting-attributes', it MUST return 'successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions'.

12.2. client-error-ignored-all-subscriptions (0x0414)

This status code is the same as 'successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions' except that only the Create-Job-Subscriptions and Create-Printer- Subscriptions operation return it. They return this status code only when the Printer creates zero Subscription Objects.

13. Status Codes in Subscription Attributes Groups

This section contains values of the "notify-status-code" (type2 enum) attribute that the Printer returns in a Subscription Attributes Group in a response when the corresponding Subscription Object:

1. is not created or

2. is created and some of the client-supplied attributes are not supported.

The following sections are ordered in decreasing order of importance of the status-codes.

13.1. client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported (0x040C)

This status code is defined in [RFC2911]. This document extends its meaning and allows it to be in a Subscription Attributes Group of a response.

The scheme of the client-supplied URI in a "notify-recipient-uri" Subscription Template Attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation is not supported. See section 5.3.1.

13.2. client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported (0x040B)

This status code is defined in [RFC2911]. This document extends its meaning and allows it to be in a Subscription Attributes Group of a response.

The method of the client-supplied keyword in a "notify-pull-method" Subscription Template Attribute in a Subscription Creation Operation is not supported. See section 5.3.2.

13.3. client-error-too-many-subscriptions (0x0415)

The number of Subscription Objects supported by the Printer would be exceeded if this Subscription Object were created (see section 5.2).

13.4. successful-ok-too-many-events (0x0005)

The client supplied more Events in the "notify-events" operation attribute of a Subscription Creation Operation than the Printer supports, as indicated in its "notify-max-events-supported" Printer attribute (see section 5.3.3).

13.5. successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes (0x0001)

This status code is defined in [RFC2911]. This document extends its meaning to include unsupported Subscription Template Attributes and it can appear in a Subscription Attributes Group.

14. Encodings of Additional Attribute Tags

This section assigns values to two attributes tags as extensions to the encoding defined in [RFC2910]).

The "subscription-attributes-tag" delimits Subscription Template Attributes Groups in requests and Subscription Attributes Groups in responses.

The "event-notification-attributes-tag" delimits Event Notifications in Delivery Methods that use an IPP-like encoding.

The following table specifies the values for the delimiter tags:

      Tag Value (Hex)   Meaning
      
      0x06              "subscription-attributes-tag"
      0x07              "event-notification-attributes-tag"

15. Conformance Requirements

It is OPTIONAL for IPP clients and Printers to implement this Event Notification specification.

15.1. Conformance requirements for clients

If this Event Notification specification is implemented by a client, the client MUST support the 'ippget' Pull Delivery Method and meet the conformance requirements as defined in [RFC3996] for clients. A client MAY support additional Delivery Methods.

15.2. Conformance requirements for Printers

If this Event Notification specification is implemented by a Printer, the Printer MUST:

• meet the Conformance Requirements detailed in section 5 of [RFC2911].

• support the Subscription Template Attributes Group in requests and the Subscription Attributes Group in responses.

• support all of the following attributes:

a. REQUIRED Subscription Object attributes in section 5. b. REQUIRED Printer Description object attributes in section 6. c. REQUIRED attributes in Event Notification content in section 8.

• support the 'ippget' Pull Delivery Method and meet the conformance requirements as defined in [RFC3996] for Printers. The Printer MAY support additional Push and Pull Delivery Methods.

• deliver Event Notifications that conform to the requirements of section 9 and the requirements of the Delivery Method Document for each supported Delivery Method (the conformance requirements for Delivery Method Documents is specified in section 10).

• for all of the Job Creation Operations that the Printer supports, MUST support the REQUIRED extensions for notification defined in section 11.1.3.

• meet the conformance requirements for operations as described in Table 16 and meet the requirements for Printers as specified in the indicated sub-sections of section 11:

Table 16 - Printer Conformance Requirements for Operations

   Operation                                         Printer
                                                     Conformance
                                                     Requirements
   
   Create-Printer-Subscriptions (section 11.1.2)     REQUIRED
   Create-Job-Subscriptions (section 11.1.1)         OPTIONAL
   Get-Subscription-Attributes (section 11.2.3)      REQUIRED
   Get-Subscriptions (section 11.2.5)                REQUIRED
   Renew-Subscription (section 11.2.6)               REQUIRED
   Cancel-Subscription (section 11.2.7)              REQUIRED

16. Model for Notification with Cascading Printers (Informative)

With this model (see Figure 2 below), there is an intervening Print server between the human user and the output-device. So the system effectively has two Printer objects. There are two cases to consider.

1. When the Printer 1 (in the server) generates Events, the system behaves like the client and Printer in Figure 1. In this case, Printer 1 delivers Event Notifications that are shown as Event Notifications (A) of Figure 2.

2. When the Printer 2 (in the output-device) generates Events, there are two possible system configurations:

a) Printer 1 forwards the client-supplied Subscription Creation

Operations to the downstream Printer 2 and lets Printer 2 deliver the Event Notifications directly to the Notification Recipients supplied by the Client (Event Notifications(C) in the diagram).

b) Printer 1 performs the client-supplied Subscription Creation

Operations and also forwards the Subscription Creation Operations to Printer 2 with the Notification Recipient changed to be the Printer 1. When an Event occurs in Printer 2, Printer 2 delivers the Event Notification (B) to Notification Recipient of Printer 1, which relays the received Event Notification (B) to the client-supplied Notification Recipient (as Event Notifications(A) in the diagram). Note, when a client performs a Subscription Creation Operation, Printer 1 need not forward the Subscription Creation Operation to Printer 2 if it would create a duplicate Subscription Object on Printer 2.

Note: when Printer 1 is forwarding Subscription Creation Operations to Printer 2, it may request Printer 2 to create additional Subscription Objects (called "piggy-backing"). Piggy-backing is useful when:

• Device A is configured to accept (IPP or non-IPP) requests from other servers.

• Server S wants to receive Job Events that the client didn't request and Server S wants these Events for jobs it submits and not for other jobs.

                              server S                       device A
                           +------------+                 +------------+
                           |            |                 |            |
   +--------+ Subscription | ###########|                 | ###########|
   | client |--Creation ----># Printer #|  Subscription   | # Printer #|
   +--------+  Operation   | # Object 1#|---Creation------|># Object 2#|
                           | ###|#######|   Operation     | ####|#|####|
                           +----|---^---+                 +-----|-|----+
   +--------+     Event         |   |                           | |
   |Notific-|<-Notifications(A)-+   +-- Event Notifications(B)--+ |
   |ation Re|<-------------Event Notifications(C)-----------------+
   |cipient |
   +--------+

Figure 2 - Model for Notification with Cascading Printers

17. Distributed Model for Notification (Informative)

A Printer implementation could use some other remote notification server to provide some or most of the service. For example, the remote notification server could deliver Event Notifications using Delivery Methods that are not directly supported by the output device or Printer object. Or, the remote notification server could store Subscription Objects (passed to it from the output device in response to Subscription Creation requests), accept Events, format the Event Notification in the natural language of the Notification Recipient, and deliver the Event Notifications to the Notification Recipient(s).

Figure 3 shows this partitioning. The interface between the output device (or Printer object) and the remote notification server is outside the scope of this document and is intended to be transparent to the client and this document.

                                            ***********************
                                            *
                                            * Printer in combination
                                            * with the distributed
                                            * Notification Server)
                                            *
                                            * output device or server
                                            * +---------------+
      PDA, desktop, or server               * +  ###########  +
           +--------+                       * |  #         #  |
           | client |---IPP Subscription--------># Printer #  |
           +--------+   Creation operation  * |  # Object  #  |
                                            * |  #####|#####  |
                                            * +-------|-------+
                                            *         | Subscriptions
                                            *         | OR Event
        +------------+                      *         | Notifications
        |Notification|   IPP-defined        *  +------v--------+
        |Recipient   |<--Event Notifications---| Notification  |
        +------------+                      *  | Server        |
                                            *  +---------------+
                                            *
                                            *************************
   *** = Implementation configuration opaque boundary

Figure 3 - Opaque Use of a Notification Server Transparent to the

Client

18. Extended Notification Recipient (Informative)

The model allows for an extended Notification Recipient that is itself a notification server that forwards each Event Notification to another recipient (called the Ultimate Notification Recipient in this section). The Delivery Method to the Ultimate Recipient is probably different from the Delivery Method used by the Printer to the extended Notification Recipient.

This extended Notification Recipient is transparent to the Printer but not to the client.

When a client performs a Subscription Creation Operation, it specifies the extended Notification Recipient as it would any Notification Recipient. In addition, the client specifies the Ultimate Notification Recipient in the Subscription Creation Operation in a manner specified by the extended Notification Recipient. Typically, it is either some bytes in the value of "notify-user-data" or some additional parameter in the value of "notify-recipient-uri". The client also subscribes directly with the extended Notification Recipient (by means outside this document), since it is a notification server in its own right.

The IPP Printer treats the extended Notification Recipient like any other Notification Recipient and the IPP Printer is not aware of the forwarding. The Delivery Method that the extended Notification Recipient uses for delivering the Event Notification to the Ultimate Notification Recipient is beyond the scope of this document and is transparent to the IPP Printer.

Examples of this extended Notification Recipient are paging, immediate messaging services, general notification services, and NOS vendors' infrastructure. Figure 4 shows this approach.

      PDA, desktop, or server                    server or output device
                                                      +---------------+
          +--------+                                  |  ###########  |
          | client |---Subscription Creation -----------># Printer #  |
          +--------+       Operation                  |  # Object  #  |
                                                      |  #####|#####  |
   +------------+     +------------+   IPP-defined    +-------|-------+
   |Ultimate    | any |Notification|<--Event Notifications----+
   |Notification|<----|Recipient   |
   |Recipient   |     +------------+
   +------------+     (Notification Server)

Figure 4 - Use of an Extended Notification Recipient transparent to

the Printer

19. Object Model for Notification (Normative)

This section describes the Notification object model that adds a Subscription Object which together with the Job and Printer object provide the complete Notification semantics.

The object relationships can be seen pictorially as:

   Subscription Objects (Per-Printer Subscriptions)     Printer object
   +----+                                               +------------+
   | s1 |<--------------------------------------------->|            |
   +----++                                              |            |
    | s2 |<-------------------------------------------->|     p1     |
    +----++                                             |            |
     | s3 |<------------------------------------------->|            |
     +----+                                             +------------+
                    Job objects
                    +---------+
                    |         |
     +----+         |   j1    |
     | s4 |<------->|         |
     +----+         |         |
                    |         |    s4 is a Per-Job Subscription Object
                    ++--------++
                     |         |
       +----+        |   j2    |
       | s5 |<------>|         |
       +----++       |         |
        | s6 |<----->|         |    s5 and s6 are Per-Job Subscription
        +----+       ++--------++                  Objects
                      |         |
                      |   j3    |
                      |         |
                      |         |         <----> indicates association
                      +---------+

Figure 5 - Object Model for Notification

s1, s2, and s3 are Per-Printer Subscription Objects and can identify Printer and/or Job Events.

s4, s5, and s6 are Per-Job Subscription Objects and can identify Printer and/or Job Events.

19.1. Object relationships

This sub-section defines the object relationships between the Printer, Job, and Subscription Objects by example. Whether Per- Printer Subscription Objects are actually contained in a Printer object or are just bi-directionally associated with them in some way is IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT and is transparent to the client. Similarly, whether Per-Job Subscription Objects are actually contained in a Job object or are just bi-directionally associated with them in some way is IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT and is transparent to the client. The object relationships are defined as follows:

19.2. Printer Object and Per-Printer Subscription Objects

1. The Printer object contains (is associated with) zero or more Per-Printer Subscription Objects (p1 contains s1-s3 Per-Printer Subscription Objects).

   2. Each Per-Printer Subscription Object (s1, s2, and s3) is contained
      in (or is associated with) exactly one Printer object (p1).

19.3. Job Object and Per-Job Subscription Objects

1. A Job object (j1, j2, j3) is associated with zero or more Per-Job Subscription Objects (s4-s6). Job j1 is associated with Per-Job Subscription Object s4, Job j2 is associated with Per-Job Subscription Objects s5 and s6, and Job j3 is not associated with any Per-Job Subscription Object.

2. Each Per-Job Subscription Object is associated with exactly one Job object.

20. Per-Job versus Per-Printer Subscription Objects (Normative)

Per-Job and Per-Printer Subscription Objects are quite similar. Either type of Subscription Object can subscribe to Job Events, Printer Events, or both. Both types of Subscription Objects can be queried using the Get-Subscriptions and Get-Subscription-Attributes operations and canceled using the Cancel-Subscription operation. Both types of Subscription Objects create Subscription Objects which have the same Subscription Object attributes defined. However, there are some semantic differences between Per-Job Subscription Objects and Per-Printer Subscription Objects. A Per-Job Subscription Object is established by the client when submitting a job and after creating the job using the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation by specifying the "job-id" of the Job with the "notify-job-id" attribute. A Per- Printer Subscription Object is established between a client and a Printer using the Create-Printer-Subscriptions operation. Some specific differences are:

1. A client usually creates one or more Per-Job Subscription Objects as part of the Job Creation operations (Create-Job, Print-Job, and Print-URI), rather than using the OPTIONAL Create-Job- Subscriptions operation, especially since Printer implementations NEED NOT support the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation, since it is OPTIONAL.

2. For Per-Job Subscription Objects, the Subscription Object is only valid while the job is "not-complete" (see sections 5.4.3) while for the Per-Printer Subscription Objects, the Subscription Object is valid until the time (in seconds) that the Printer returned in the "notify-lease-expiration-time" operation attribute.

3. Job Events in a Per-Job Subscription Object apply only to "one job" (the Job created by the Job Creation operation or references by the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation) while Job Events in a Per-Printer Subscription Object apply to ALL jobs contained in the IPP Printer.

21. Normative References

   [RFC2119]         Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                     Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119 , March 1997.
   
   [RFC2396]         Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter,
                     "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic
                     Syntax", RFC 2396, August 1998.
   
   [RFC2717]         Petke, R. and I. King, "Registration Procedures for
                     URL Scheme Names", RFC 2717, November 1999.
   
   [RFC2910]         Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P., and R. Turner,
                     "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and
                     Transport", RFC 2910, September 2000.
   
   [RFC2911]         deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Isaacson, S.,
                     and P. Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1:
                     Model and Semantics", RFC 2911, September 2000.
   
   [RFC3381]         Hastings, T., Lewis, H., and R. Bergman, "IPP: Job
                     Progress Attributes", RFC 3381,  September 2002.
   
   [RFC3996]         Herriot, R., Hastings, T., and H. Lewis, "Internet
                     Printing Protocol (IPP): The 'ippget' Delivery
                     Method for Event Notifications", RFC 3996, March
                     2005.

22. Informative References

   [IANA-CON]        Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for
                     Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs",
                     BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
   
   [RFC2565]         Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P., and R. Turner,
                     "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and
                     Transport", RFC 2565, April 1999.
   
   [RFC2566]         deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Isaacson, S.,
                     and P. Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0:
                     Model and Semantics", RFC 2566, April 1999.
   
   [RFC2567]         Wright, D., "Design Goals for an Internet Printing
                     Protocol", RFC 2567, April 1999.
   
   [RFC2568]         Zilles, S., "Rationale for the Structure and Model
                     and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol",
                     RFC 2568, April 1999.
   
   [RFC2569]         Herriot, R., Hastings, T., Jacobs, N., and J.
                     Martin, "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols",
                     RFC 2569, April 1999.
   
   [RFC2616]         Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
                     Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee,
                     "Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616,
                     June 1999.
   
   [RFC3196]         Hastings, T., Manros, C., Zehler, P., Kugler, C.,
                     and H. Holst, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1:
                     Implementer's Guide", RFC 3196, November 2001.
   
   [RFC3997]         Hastings, T., Editor, deBry, R., and H. Lewis,
                     "Internet Printing Protocol (IPP): Requirements for
                     IPP Notifications", RFC 3997, March 2005.

23. IANA Considerations

This section contains the registration information that IANA added to the IPP Registry according to the procedures defined in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6 to cover the definitions in this document. In addition, this section defines how Events and Delivery Methods will be registered when they are defined in other documents. The resulting registrations have been published in the http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipp-registrations registry.

23.1. Attribute Registrations

The following table lists all the attributes defined in this document. These have been registered according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.2.

   Subscription Template attributes:                 Reference  Section
   ---------------------------------                 ---------  -------
   notify-attributes (1setOf type2 keyword)          [RFC3995]  5.3.4
   notify-attributes-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)
                                                     [RFC3995]  5.3.4.1
   notify-charset (charset)                          [RFC3995]  5.3.6
   notify-events (1setOf type2 keyword)              [RFC3995]  5.3.3
   notify-events-default (1setOf type2 keyword)      [RFC3995]  5.3.3.1
   notify-events-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)    [RFC3995]  5.3.3.2
   notify-lease-duration (integer(0:67108863))       [RFC3995]  5.3.8
   notify-lease-duration-default (integer(0:67108863))
                                                     [RFC3995]  5.3.8.1
   notify-lease-duration-supported (1setOf (integer(0: 67108863) |
          rangeOfInteger(0:67108863)))               [RFC3995]  5.3.8.2
   notify-max-events-supported (integer(2:MAX))      [RFC3995]  5.3.3.3
   notify-natural-language (naturalLanguage)         [RFC3995]  5.3.7
   notify-pull-method (type2 keyword)                [RFC3995]  5.3.2
   notify-pull-method-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)
                                                     [RFC3995]  5.3.2.1
   notify-recipient-uri (uri)                        [RFC3995]  5.3.1
   notify-schemes-supported  (1setOf uriScheme)      [RFC3995]  5.3.1.1
   notify-time-interval (integer(0:MAX))             [RFC3995]  5.3.9
   notify-user-data (octetString(63))                [RFC3995]  5.3.5
   
   Subscription Description Attributes:
   notify-job-id (integer(1:MAX))                    [RFC3995]  5.4.6
   notify-lease-expiration-time (integer(0:MAX))     [RFC3995]  5.4.3
   notify-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX))           [RFC3995]  5.4.4
   notify-printer-uri (uri)                          [RFC3995]  5.4.5
   notify-sequence-number (integer (0:MAX))          [RFC3995]  5.4.2
   notify-subscriber-user-name (name(MAX))           [RFC3995]  5.4.7
   notify-subscription-id  (integer (1:MAX))         [RFC3995]  5.4.1
   
   Printer Description Attributes:
   printer-state-change-date-time (dateTime)         [RFC3995]  6.2
   printer-state-change-time (integer(1:MAX))        [RFC3995]  6.1
   
   Attributes Only in Event Notifications
   notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword)           [RFC3995]  8.1
   notify-text (text(MAX))                           [RFC3995]  8.2

23.2. Additional Enum Attribute Value Registrations within the IPP

registry

The following table lists all the new enum attribute values defined in this document. These have been registered within the IPP registry according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.1.

   Attribute
     Value      Name                                 Reference   Section
     ------     -----------------------------        ---------   -------
   operations-supported (1setOf type2 enum)          [RFC2911]   4.4.15
     0x0016     Create-Printer-Subscriptions         [RFC3995]   7.1
     0x0017     Create-Job-Subscriptions             [RFC3995]   7.1
     0x0018     Get-Subscription-Attributes          [RFC3995]   7.1
     0x0019     Get-Subscriptions                    [RFC3995]   7.1
     0x001A     Renew-Subscription                   [RFC3995]   7.1
     0x001B     Cancel-Subscription                  [RFC3995]   7.1

23.3. Operation Registrations

The following table lists all of the operations defined in this document. These have been registered according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.4.

   Operation Name                                    Reference   Section
   ---------------------------------                 ---------   -------
   Cancel-Subscription                               [RFC3995]   11.2.7
   Create-Job - Extensions                           [RFC3995]   11.1.3
   Create-Job-Subscriptions                          [RFC3995]   11.1.1
   Create-Printer-Subscriptions                      [RFC3995]   11.1.2
   Get-Printer-Attributes - Extensions               [RFC3995]   11.2.3
   Get-Subscription-Attributes                       [RFC3995]   11.2.4
   Get-Subscriptions                                 [RFC3995]   11.2.5
   Print-Job - Extensions                            [RFC3995]   11.1.3
   Print-URI - Extensions                            [RFC3995]   11.1.3
   Renew-Subscription                                [RFC3995]   11.2.6
   Validate-Job Operation - Extensions               [RFC3995]   11.2.2

23.4. Status code Registrations

The following table lists all the status codes defined in this document. These have been registered according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.6.

   Value    Status Code Name                        Reference  Section
   -----    ----------------------------            ---------  -------
   0x0000:0x00FF - Successful:
   0x0003   successful-ok-ignored-subscriptions     [RFC3995]  12.1
   0x0005   successful-ok-too-many-events           [RFC3995]  13.4
   
   0x0400:0x04FF - Client Error:
   0x0414   client-error-ignored-all-subscriptions  [RFC3995]  12.2
   0x0415   client-error-too-many-subscriptions     [RFC3995]  13.3

23.5. Attribute Group tag Registrations

The following table lists all the attribute group tags defined in this document. These have been registered according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.5.

   Value    Attribute Group Tag Name                 Reference  Section
   -----    --------------------------------         --------   -------
   0x06     subscription-attributes-tag              [RFC3995]  14
   0x07     event-notification-attributes-tag        [RFC3995]  14

23.6. Registration of Events

The following table lists all the Events defined in this document as type2 keywords to be used with the "notify-events", "notify-events- default", and "notify-events-supported" Subscription Template attributes (see section 5.3.3)). Rather than creating a separate section in the IPP Registry for Events, these event keywords have been registered according to the procedures of [RFC2911] section 7.1 as additional keyword attribute values for use with the "notify- events" Subscription Template attribute (see section 5.3.3), i.e., registered as keyword values for the "notify-events", "notify- events-default", and "notify-events-supported" attributes:

   Attribute (attribute syntax)
     Value                                          Reference  Section
     ---------------------                          ---------  -------
   notify-events (1setOf type2 keyword)             [RFC3995]  5.3.3
   notify-events-default (1setOf type2 keyword)     [RFC3995]  5.3.3.1
   notify-events-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)   [RFC3995]  5.3.3.2
   notify-subscribed-event (type2 keyword)          [RFC3995]  8.1
     No Events:
       none                                         [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.1
     Printer Events:
       printer-state-changed                        [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-restarted                            [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-shutdown                             [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-stopped                              [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-config-changed                       [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-media-changed                        [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-finishings-changed                   [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
       printer-queue-order-changed                  [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.2
     Job Events:
       job-state-changed                            [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3
       job-created                                  [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3
       job-completed                                [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3
       job-stopped                                  [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3
       job-config-changed                           [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3
       job-progress                                 [RFC3995]  5.3.3.4.3

23.7. Registration of Event Notification Delivery Methods

This section describes the requirements and procedures for registration and publication of Event Notification Delivery Methods and for the submission of such proposals.

23.7.1. Requirements for Registration of Event Notification Delivery

Methods

Registered IPP Event Notification Delivery Methods are expected to follow a number of requirements described below.

23.7.1.1. Required Characteristics

A Delivery Method Document MUST either (1) contain all of the semantics of the Delivery Method or (2) contain the IPP Delivery Method registration requirements and a profile of some other protocol that in combination is the Delivery Method (e.g., mailto). The Delivery Method Document (and any documents it requires) MUST define either (1) a URL for a Push Delivery Method that the meets the requirements of [RFC2717]. or (2) a keyword for a Pull Delivery method.

IPP Event Notification Delivery Method Documents MUST meet the requirements of this document (see sections 9 and 10).

In addition, a Delivery Method Document MUST contain the following information:

      Type of registration:  IPP Event Notification Delivery Method
      Name of this delivery method:
      Proposed URL scheme name of this Push Delivery Method or the
      keyword name of this Pull Delivery Method:
      Name of proposer:
      Address of proposer:

Email address of proposer:
Is this delivery method REQUIRED or OPTIONAL for conformance to the IPP Event Notification and Subscriptions document: Is this delivery method defining Machine Consumable and/or Human Consumable content:

23.7.1.2. Naming Requirements

Exactly one (URL scheme or keyword) name MUST be assigned to each Delivery Method.

Each assigned name MUST uniquely identify a single Delivery Method. All Push Delivery Method names MUST conform to the rules for URL scheme names, according to [RFC2396] and [RFC2717] for schemes in the IETF tree. All Pull Delivery Method names MUST conform to the rules for keywords according to [RFC2911].

23.7.1.3. Functionality Requirements

Delivery Methods MUST function as a protocol that is capable of delivering (push or pull) IPP Event Notifications to Notification Recipients.

23.7.1.4. Usage and Implementation Requirements

Use of a large number of Delivery Methods may hamper interoperability. However, the use of a large number of undocumented and/or unlabeled Delivery Methods hampers interoperability even more.

A Delivery Method should therefore be registered ONLY if it adds significant functionality that is valuable to a large community, OR if it documents existing practice in a large community. Note that Delivery Methods registered for the second reason should be explicitly marked as being of limited or specialized use and should only be used with prior bilateral agreement.

23.7.1.5. Publication Requirements

Delivery Method Documents MUST be published in a standards track, informational, or experimental RFCs.

23.7.2. Registration Procedure

The IPP WG is developing a small number of Delivery Methods which are intended to be published as standards track RFCs. However, some parties may wish to register additional Delivery Methods in the future. This section describes the procedures for these additional Delivery Methods.

23.7.2.1. Present the proposal to the Community

First the Delivery Method Document MUST be an Internet-Draft with a target category of standards track, informational, or experimental. The same MUST be true for any documents that it references.

Deliver the proposed Delivery Method Document proposal to the "ipp@pwg.org" mailing list. This mailing list has been established by [RFC2911] for reviewing proposed registrations and discussing other IPP matters. Proposed Delivery Method Documents are not formally registered and MUST NOT be used until approved.

The intent of the public posting is to solicit comments and feedback on the definition and suitability of the Delivery Method and the name chosen for it over a four week period.

23.7.2.2. Delivery Method Reviewer

The Delivery Method Reviewer is the same person who has been appointed by the IETF Application Area Director(s) as the IPP Designated Expert according to [RFC2911] and [IANA-CON]. When the four week period is over and the IPP Designated Expert is convinced that consensus has been achieved, the IPP Designated Expert either approves the request for registration or rejects it. Rejection may occur because of significant objections raised on the list or objections raised externally.

Decisions made by the Reviewer must be posted to the ipp@pwg.org mailing list within 14 days. Decisions made by the Reviewer may be appealed to the IESG.

23.7.2.3. IANA Registration

Provided that the Delivery Method registration proposal has either passed review or has been successfully appealed to the IESG, the IANA will be notified by the delivery method reviewer and asked to register the Delivery Method and make it available to the community.

23.7.3. Delivery Method Document Registrations

Each Push Delivery Method Document defines a URI scheme. Such a URI scheme is used in a URI value of the "notification-recipient" (uri) Subscription Template attribute (see section 5.3.1) and the uriScheme value of the "notify-schemes-supported" (1setOf uriScheme 5.3.1.1) Printer attribute(see section ). Rather than creating a separate section in the IPP Registry for Delivery Methods, Push Delivery Methods will be registered as an additional value of the "notify- schemes-supported" Printer attribute. These uriScheme values will be registered according to the procedures of [RFC2911] section 7.1 for additional attribute values. Therefore, the IPP Registry entry for a Push Delivery Method will be of the form:

   Attribute
     Value                                        Ref.       Section
     ---------------------                        --------   -------
   notify-schemes-supported (1setOf uriScheme)    [RFC3995]  5.3.1.1
     <scheme name>                                RFC xxxx   m.n

Each Pull Delivery Method Document defines a keyword method which is registered as an additional value of the "notify-pull-method" and "notify-pull-method-supported" Printer attributes. These keyword values will be registered according to the procedures of [RFC2911] section 7.1 for additional attribute values. Therefore, the IPP Registry entry for a Pull Delivery Method will be of the form:

   Attribute
     Value                                        Ref.       Section
     ---------------------                        --------   -------
   notify-pull-method (type2 keyword)             [RFC3995]  5.3.2
   notify-pull-method-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)
                                                  [RFC3995]  5.3.2.1
     <method keyword name>                        RFC xxxx    m.n

23.7.4. Registration Template

   To: ipp@pwg.org
   Subject: Registration of a new Delivery Method

Delivery Method name:

(All Push Delivery Method names must be suitable for use as the value of a URL scheme in the IETF tree and all Pull Delivery Method names must be suitable IPP keywords according to [RFC2911])

Published specification(s):

(A specification for the Delivery Method must be openly available that accurately describes what is being registered.)

Person & email address to contact for further information:

24. Internationalization Considerations

This IPP Notification specification continues support for the internationalization of [RFC2911] of attributes containing text strings and names. Allowing a Subscribing Client to specify a different natural language and charset for each Subscription Object increases the internationalization support.

The Printer MUST be able to localize the content of Human Consumable Event Notifications and to localize the value of "notify-text" attribute in Machine Consumable Event Notifications that it delivers to Notification Recipients. For localization, the Printer MUST use the value of the "notify-charset" attribute and the "notify-natural- language" attribute in the Subscription Object supplied by the Subscribing Client.

25. Security Considerations

Clients submitting Notification requests to the IPP Printer have the same security issues as submitting an IPP/1.1 print job request (see [RFC2911] section 3.2.1 and section 8). The same mechanisms used by IPP/1.1 can therefore be used by the client Notification submission. Operations that require authentication can use the HTTP authentication. Operations that require privacy can use the HTTP/TLS privacy. As with IPP/1.1 Print Job Objects, if there is no security on Subscription Objects, sequential assignment of subscription-ids exposes the system to a passive traffic monitoring threat.

25.1. Client access rights

The Subscription Object access control model is the same as the access control model for Job objects. The client MUST have the following access rights for the indicated Subscription operations:

   1. Create-Job-Subscriptions (see section 11.1.1):  A Per-Job
      Subscription object is associated with a Job.  To create Per-Job
      Subscription Objects, the authenticated user (see [RFC2911]
      section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be the job owner,
      (2) have Operator or Administrator access rights for this Printer
      (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized
      by the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to
      create Per-Job Subscription Objects for the target job.
   
   2. Create-Printer-Subscriptions (see section 11.1.2):  A Per-Printer
      Subscription object is associated with the Printer.  To create
      Per-Printer Subscription Objects, the authenticated user (see
      [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) have
      Operator or Administrator access rights for this Printer (see

[RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5) or (2) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to create Per-Printer Subscription Objects for this Printer.

   3. Get-Subscription-Attributes (see section 11.2.4):  The access
      control model for this operation is the same as that of the Get-
      Job-Attributes operation (see [RFC2911] section 3.3.4).  The
      primary difference is that a Get-Subscription-Attributes operation
      is directed at a Subscription Object rather than at a Job object,
      and a returned attribute group contains Subscription Object
      attributes rather than Job object attributes.  To query the
      specified Subscription Object, the authenticated user (see
      [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be the
      Subscription Object owner, (2) have Operator or Administrator
      access rights for this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5),
      or (3) be otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-
      configured security policy to query the Subscription Object for
      the target job.  Furthermore, the Printer's security policy MAY
      limit which attributes are returned, in a manner similar to the
      Get-Job-Attributes operation (see [RFC2911] end of section
      3.3.4.2).
   
   4. Get-Subscriptions (see section 11.2.5):  The access control model
      for this operation is the same as that of the Get-Jobs operation
      (see [RFC2911] section 3.2.6).  The primary difference is that the
      operation is directed at Subscription Objects rather than at Job
      objects, and the returned attribute groups contain Subscription
      Object attributes rather than Job object attributes.  To query
      Per-Job Subscription Objects of the specified job (client supplied
      the "notify-job-id" operation attribute - see section 11.2.5.1.1),
      the authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this
      operation MUST (1) be the Subscription Object owner, (2) have
      Operator or Administrator access rights for this Printer (see
      [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by
      the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to query
      the Subscription Object for the target job.  To query Per-Printer
      Subscription Objects of the Printer (client omits the "notify-
      job-id" operation attribute - see section 11.2.5.1.1), the
      authenticated user (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this
      operation MUST (1) have Operator or Administrator access rights
      for this Printer (see [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (2) be
      otherwise authorized by the Printer's administrator-configured
      security policy to query Per-Printer Subscription Objects for the
      target Printer.  Furthermore, the Printer's security policy MAY
      limit which attributes are returned, in a manner similar to the
      Get-Job-Attributes operation (see [RFC2911] end of section
      3.2.6.2).
   
   5. Renew-Subscriptions (see section 11.2.6):  The authenticated user
      (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be
      the owner of the Per-Printer Subscription Object, (2) have
      Operator or Administrator access rights for the Printer (see
      [RFC2911] sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by
      the Printer's administrator-configured security policy to renew
      Per-Printer Subscription Objects for the target Printer
   
   6. Cancel-Subscription (see section 11.2.7):  The authenticated user
      (see [RFC2911] section 8.3) performing this operation MUST (1) be
      the owner of the Subscription Object, (2) have Operator or
      Administrator access rights for the Printer (see [RFC2911]
      sections 1 and 8.5), or (3) be otherwise authorized by the
      Printer's administrator-configured security policy to cancel the
      target Subscription Object.

The standard security concerns (delivery to the right user, privacy of content, tamper proof content) apply to each Delivery Method. Some Delivery Methods are more secure than others. Each Delivery Method Document MUST discuss its Security Considerations.

25.2. Printer security threats

   Notification trap door:  If a Printer supports the OPTIONAL "notify-
   attributes" Subscription Template attribute (see section 5.3.4) where
   the client can request that the Printer return any specified Job,
   Printer, and Subscription object attributes, the Printer MUST apply
   the same security policy to these requested attributes in the Get-
   Notifications request as it does for the Get-Jobs, Get-Job-
   Attributes, Get-Printer-Attributes, and Get-Subscription-Attributes
   requests.

25.3. Notification Recipient security threats

   Unwanted Events Notifications (spam):  For any Push Delivery Method,
   by far the biggest security concern is the abuse of notification:
   delivering unwanted Event Notifications to third parties (i.e.,
   spam).  The problem is made worse by notification addresses that may
   be redistributed to multiple parties.  There exist scenarios where
   third party notification is used (see Scenario #2 and #3 in
   [RFC3997]).  Any fully secure solution would require active agreement
   of all recipients before delivering anything.

26. Description of the base IPP documents (Informative)

The base set of IPP documents includes:

   Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2567]
   Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet
      Printing Protocol [RFC2568]
   Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics [RFC2911]
   Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport [RFC2910]
   Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide [RFC3196]
   Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols [RFC2569]

The "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol" document takes a broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and administrators. It calls out a subset of end user requirements that are satisfied in IPP/1.0 [RFC2566, RFC2565]. A few OPTIONAL operator operations have been added to IPP/1.1 [RFC2911, RFC2910].

The "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol" document describes IPP from a high level view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite of IPP specification documents, and gives background and rationale for the IETF IPP working group's major decisions.

The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics" document describes a simplified model with abstract objects, their attributes, and their operations. The model introduces a Printer and a Job. The Job supports multiple documents per Job. The model document also addresses how security, internationalization, and directory issues are addressed.

The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport" document is a formal mapping of the abstract operations and attributes defined in the model document onto HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616]. It also defines the encoding rules for a new Internet MIME media type called "application/ipp". This document also defines the rules for transporting over HTTP a message body whose Content-Type is "application/ipp". This document defines the 'ipp' scheme for identifying IPP printers and jobs.

The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide" document gives insight and advice to implementers of IPP clients and IPP objects. It is intended to help them understand IPP/1.1 and some of the considerations that may assist them in the design of their client and/or IPP object implementations. For example, a typical order of processing requests is given, including error checking. Motivation for some of the specification decisions is also included.

The "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols" document gives some advice to implementers of gateways between IPP and LPD (Line Printer Daemon) implementations.

27. Contributors

The following people made significant contributions to the design and review of this specification:

   Scott A.  Isaacson
   Novell, Inc.
   122 E 1700 S
   Provo, UT  84606
   
   Phone: 801-861-7366
   Fax:   801-861-2517
   EMail: sisaacson@novell.com

Roger deBry
Utah Valley State College
Orem, UT 84058

   Phone: 801-863-8848
   EMail: debryro@uvsc.edu

Jay Martin
Underscore Inc.
9 Jacqueline St.
Hudson, NH 03051-5308

   Phone: 603-889-7000
   Fax:   775-414-0245
   EMail: jkm@underscore.com
   
   Michael Shepherd
   Xerox Corporation
   800 Phillips Road  MS 128-51E
   Webster, NY  14450
   
   Phone: 716-422-2338
   Fax:   716-265-8871
   EMail: mshepherd@usa.xerox.com

Ron Bergman
Ricoh Printing Systems America
1757 Tapo Canyon Road
Simi Valley, CA 93063-3394

   Phone: 805-578-4421
   Fax:   805-578-4001
   EMail: ron.bergman@rpsa.ricoh.com

Authors' Addresses

Robert Herriot
Global Workflow Solutions
706 Colorado Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94303

   Phone:  650-324-4000
   EMail:  bob@herriot.com
   
   Tom Hastings
   Xerox Corporation
   701 S Aviation Blvd, ESAE 242
   El Segundo, CA  90245
   
   Phone: 310-333-6413
   Fax:   310-333-6342
   EMail: hastings@cp10.es.xerox.com

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